BOTANICAL TERMS. 
203 
Compound; when the blade of the leaf is 
articulated with the petiole, the leaf is said to 
be compound ; that is. formed of separate 
parts, united into one common whole. 
Conjugate (conjugatus) ; the same as bifo- 
liolate. 
Connate (connatus) ; applied when two 
opposite leaves grow together at the base, so 
as to surround the stem. 
Cordate (rordatus) ; heart-shaped ; having 
two rounded lobes at the base, resembling the 
heart in a pack of cards. It is exemplified in 
many leaves. 
Cordiformis ; same as cordate. 
Cortex ; the layers of parenchyma beneath 
the two surfaces of the leaf. 
Costa ; the mid-rib of a leaf ; the vein 
which forms a continuation of the petiole and 
axis of the leaf, and from which the rest di- 
verge. 
Cotyledons ; the seed lobes ; the appen- 
dages of the embryo, accompanying the tender 
plantlet, and containing its first nutriment. 
In germination they either lie buried, as in 
the horse-chestnut, and are hence called hypo- 
gcean, or spring up above the soil, as in the 
radish, and are hence called epigcean. 
Coussinet ; a protuberance or gibbosity of 
cellular tissue, at the base of the petiole, where 
it joins the stem. 
Crusta ; in lichens, a brittle crustaceous 
thallus or leaf-like expansion. 
Crypta ; roundish cavities on the leaves of 
some plants, as the orange, which form recep- 
tacles of the peculiar secretions of the plants. 
Cuneate (cuneatus) ; wedge - shaped, in- 
versely triangular, with rounded angles, as in 
the leaf of Saxifraga tridentata. 
Cuneiform ; same as cuneate. 
Curve- veined ; where the veins of the leaf 
diverge from the mid-rib, through its whole 
length, and disappear in the margin. 
Curvivenium ; curve-veined. 
Cyphella? ; pale tubercle-like spots on the 
under side of the thallus'or frond of lichens. 
| Decurrent (decurrens) ; when the elongated 
bases of winged petioles adhere to the stem, 
and are prolonged below the point of insertion, 
as if running downwards, as in Onopordum, 
Acanthium, and many other thistles. 
Deltoid {deltoideus); triangular, shaped like 
the Greek delta, A ; it is applied to solid 
figures; the leaf of nicsembryanthemum deltoi- 
deum is of this form. 
Diachyma ; the cellular tissue of the leaf ; 
the parenchyma. 
Diploe ; the intermediate or interior cellu- 
lar tissue of the leaf. 
Divaricating ; applied to veins, when 
spreading from the mid-rib towards the mar- 
gin, at an angle between 60 and 80 degrees. 
Diverging ; applied to the veins of a leaf 
when spreading at an angle of from 40 to 
50 degrees. 
Eared ; same as auriculate. 
Ellipsoidal (ellijisoideus) ; formed like an 
ellipsis ; that is,, a solid body with an elliptic 
figure. 
Ensiform (ensiformis) ; sword - shaped, 
strap-shaped, straight, with an acute point, as 
in the leaf of the iris. 
Entire (integer) ; without toothing or 
marginal division of any sort. 
Equal-veined (cequaliveniuni) ; when all 
the veins of the leaf are of equal size. 
Equitant (equitans) ; a mode of arrange- 
ment in which the sides or edges overlap each 
other parallelly and entirely, without any in- 
volution, as in the leaves of the iris. 
Fahely-ribbed {pseudo-costatum) ; when 
the veins of the leaf become confluent in a 
line parallel with the margin ; this is the case 
in all myrtaceous plants. 
Fasciarius ; band-like. Not much used. 
Feather-veined (pennivenium) ; when the 
veins of a reticulated leaf pass in straight 
lines from the mid-rib to the margin. 
Foliation ; same as vernation. 
Frond ; the leaf-like expansion of ferns, 
palms, &c, combining leaf and branch, and, 
in the case of ferns, bearing the fructification. 
Gemma ; a term applied to leaf-buds. 
Gladiate (gladiatus) ; same as ensiform. 
Hastate ( hastatus ) ; halberd-shaped ; 
abruptly enlarged at the base, into two acute 
diverging lobes, as in the leaf of Arum macu- 
latum. 
Hidden-veined (introvenium) ; when the 
veins of the leaf are buried in an excess of 
cellular matter, as in various fleshy leaves. 
Hyplta ; the filamentous fleshy watery thal- 
lus of byssacece, a group of plants closely 
allied to sea-weeds. 
Hypophyllium ; a term applied to the 
petiole when it has the form of a sheath, is 
destitute of blade, and surrounds the base of 
certain small branches having the appearance 
of leaves, as in the asparagus. 
BZypopliyllous ; situated under the leaf. 
InduvicB ; the withered remains of inarti- 
culated leaves, which decay on the stem. 
Introvenium ; hidden-veined ; when the 
veins of the leaf are concealed by an excess of 
the cellular matter or parenchyma of the leaf. 
Juga ; a term applied to the pairs of leaf- 
lets in pinnated leaves, which usually grow in 
pairs ; thus unijugum signifies a leaf with one 
pair of leaflets, bijugum with two pairs, and 
so on ; multijugum means many pairs. 
Laciniated (laciniatus) ; much cut or di- 
vided by deep taper-pointed incisions. 
Lamina ; the blade or expanded surface of 
the leaf. 
Lanceolate (lanceolatus) ; narrowly ellip- 
