BOTANICAL TERMS. 
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enclosed in an involucre ; now called hypan- 
thodium. 
Andrceceum ; the male apparatus of the 
flower. 
Androgynous ; producing male and female 
flowers on the same plant, spike, or head. 
Androphorum ; applied to the tube formed 
by the filaments of the stamens, in a mona- 
delphous arrangement. 
Annulus ; the part of the veil or velum in 
fungi which remains attached to the stipes. 
Anther ; a case, or small bag, attached to 
the filament, and furnished with cells contain- 
ing a fine powder, which is the pollen or fruc- 
tifying dust of the flower. 
Anther iferous ; anther-bearing. 
Anthesis; the period when a flower opens 
is so termed. 
Anthodium ; the flower head of composite 
plants ; in this case the head is flat, and sur- 
rounded by an involucre. 
Anthophorum ; when the receptacle is 
elongated, and bears the petals and stamens on 
its summit, it is so called, as in caryophylla- 
ceous plants. 
Apetalous; applied to flowers that have no 
corolla, the flowers of the oak, the elm, the 
birch, &c, are of this class. 
Apothecium; the reproductive mass of a 
lichen. 
Arista; an awn ; it occurs mostly in 
grasses, and consists of the midrib of the little 
bracts, of which these flowers are formed, 
elongated into a bristle. 
Aristate; awned, furnished with awns. 
Aidceum ; a term formerly applied to sig- 
nify the corolla. 
Awn {arista) ; the midrib of a bract, 
elongated into a bristle ; it occurs in grasses. 
Axillary ; arising from the axils of the 
leaves, or the point where the base of the 
upper side of a leaf joins the stem. 
Bale; a term applied to the inner glumes 
of grasses. 
Basigynium ; synonyme of gynophore. 
Beard ; the awn or arista of grasses. 
Bi ; an affix, derived from bis, twice, and 
signifying two ; thus, bilabiate means two- 
lipped. 
Biceps ; two-headed, when flowers are col- 
lected into two roundish groups. 
Bicornis ; two-horned, . when any part of 
a flower is furnished with two horn-like pro- 
cesses or appendages. 
Bifarious; two-rowed, when flowers are 
arranged in two opposite rows ; same as dis- 
tichous: this is seen in an ear of common 
barley. 
Biglumis; having two husks, or chaffy 
scales ; this occurs chiefly in grasses. 
Bouton ; a French synonyme of alabastrus. 
Bracts; small leaves formed between the 
true leaves and the calyx ; or the leaves from 
whose axils flowers proceed, as in the common 
field veronica, as so called : bracts are usually 
situated on the peduncle or flower-stalk, but 
sometimes on the calyx, as in Musscenda, and 
at other times on the fruit, as in the medlar. 
Bractlets; a term applied to very small 
bracts. 
Caducous (caducus) ; falling off very early, 
as in the calyx of the poppy. 
Ccetonium ; a term applied by some to the 
glumes of grasses. 
Calathium ; same as anthodium. 
Calathidium ; same as anthodium. 
Calcar ; a spur, when a petal is lengthened 
at the base into a hollow tube, as seen in the 
common orchis. 
Calycine ; of or belonging to the calyx. 
Calyculate ; having bracteas resembling an 
external calyx, as found at the base of the 
involucre of some composite plants. 
Calycidus ; an exterior rank of bracts, often 
found at the base of the involucre of com- 
posite plants. 
Calyx ; the outer envelope of the flower, 
usually green, sometimes coloured. 
Calyptra ; a veil; a fine membranous in- 
tegument, in the shape of a hollow cone or 
extinguisher, which masks the urn-shaped 
seed-vessel of mosses. 
Calyptrate ; like operculate, but bursting 
on one side. 
Campanulate (campanulatus) ; bell-shaped, 
that is, with an inflated tube, gradually widen- 
ing to the limb, but not conical at the base. 
Capillamentum; a name applied to the fila- 
ment. 
Capitidum ; an arrangement of stalkless 
flowers on a depressed axis, that is, a head of 
flowers seated on the receptacle : if this is flat 
and surrounded by an involucre, it becomes an 
anthodium, or the flower head of composite 
plants. 
Carina; the same as keel, applied to the 
lower segment of a papilionaceous flower. 
Cassideous; where one petal is large and 
helmet-shaped, or hooded, as in the flowers of 
the Aconitum. 
Catkin ; an arrangement of flowers like a 
spike, but where scaly bracts take the place of 
calyx and corolla; they are seen in the birch, 
and a very beautiful hardy evergreen shrub 
called Garrya elliptica also affords a good 
illustration. 
Catulus ; a term formerly applied to the 
catkin. 
Caudicula; an elastic cellular appendage 
to the flowers of some orchids, to which the 
granules of pollen are attached. 
Cephalanthium ; synonyme of anthodium. 
Chaton; a French term for catkin. 
Claw; the narrow base of a petal ; it is 
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