402 
BOTANICAL TERMS. 
kilum or umbilicus is so large as to occupy a 
considerable part of the surface of the seed, 
as in the horse-chestnut. 
Neck ; same as collet and caulicule. 
Nucleus ; the central pulpy mass of the 
ovule, enclosed by integuments of the testa ; 
it is also applied to the disk of the shield 
which contains the sporules, in lichens ; and 
to an analogous part in some fungi. 
Nucula ; same as glans ; applied also to 
some forms of the cases which contain the 
organs of reproduction, in some of the cellular 
plants (charas) allied to sea-weeds. 
Nuculanium ; a compound superior inde- 
hi scent fruit, with a fleshy pericarp, insepara- 
ble from the sarcocarp, as in the grape ; this 
chiefly differs from the berry in being superior. 
Nux ; synonyme of achenium. 
O mphalodium ; the central part of thehilum, 
through which the nourishing vessels pass. 
Operculum ; the lid which closes the thecae 
in mosses. 
Orthotropous ; when the axis of the ovule 
is rectilinear ; that is, straight, and having 
the same direction as the body to which it 
belongs. 
Ovules ; the small semi - pellucid pulpy 
bodies borne by the placenta, which gradually 
change into the seed : an ovule is erect when 
it grows from the base of the ovary ; ascend- 
ing when from a little above the base ; pen- 
dulous when it hangs from the summit ; and 
suspended when depending from a little below 
the summit. 
Pappus ; the calyx of composite plants, 
which is very different in appearance from 
that of other plants, is called pappus ; it is of 
various kinds, such as pilose, plumose, setose, 
paleaceous, Sec. 
Parietal; applied to the placenta when 
attached to the sides or paries of the ovary ; 
arising from the inner lining of the ovary. 
Pentachenium ; synonyme of cremocar- 
pium. 
Pepo ; a compound inferior, fleshy, inde- 
hiscent fruit, with a fleshy pericarp, hard 
epicarp, and the seeds attached to a pulpy 
parietal placenta, as in the melon and cu- 
cumber and the gourd family. 
Peponida ; synonyme of pepo. 
Pericarp ; a collective term, applied to the 
integuments which cover the seed : it consists 
of epicarp, sarcocarp, and endocarp. 
Peridium, peridiola ; the membrane by 
which the sporules of fungi and seaweeds are 
covered. 
Peristome ; the fringe which surrounds 
the mouth of the thecae of mosses. 
Perisperm ; same as testa ; also applied by 
some to the albumen of the seed. 
Peridium ; the covering of the reproduc- 
tive organs of fungi. 
Pilula ; a term applied by Pliny to the 
form of fruit now called a cone. 
Placenta ; the part of the ovary from which 
ovules originate. 
Plopocarpium ; synonyme offolliculus. 
Plumule ; the point of the embryo whence 
originates the ascending axis, the rudiment of 
the stem. 
Pod ; same as legumen. 
Podogynium ; synonyme of synophore. 
Podospermium; synonyme of umbilical cord. 
Polakenium ; synonyme of cremocarpium. 
Polexastylus ; synonyme of carcerulus. 
Poly chorion, polysecus; synonyme of eta??'io. 
Polyphore ; an elongated succulent recep- 
tacle, bearing many ovaries, as in the straw- 
berry and raspberry. 
Pome (pomtwi) ; a compound inferior in- 
dehiscent fruit, with a fleshy pericarp, soft 
epicarp, and having the seeds distinctly en- 
closed in dry cells, as in the apple and the 
Crataegus : such fruits as these bear also the 
name of apples. 
Primine ; the outermost membrane or in- 
tegument (or sac, as it is sometimes called) 
enveloping the nucleus of the ovule ; it is 
variable in its degree of development. 
Pteridium ; same as samara : pterodium 
is also a synonymous term. 
Putamen ; same as endocarp. 
Pyridium ; same as pomum. 
Pyxidium ; a compound dehiscent, supe- 
rior, one-celled, many-seeded fruit, opening by 
a transverse incision, and having a dry peri- 
carpium : anagallis is an example. 
Quartine ; a term applied to one of the in - 
ner integuments of the ovule. 
Quintine ; a term applied to an internal 
integument of the ovule. 
Radicle ; that part of the embryo the 
elongation of which forms the root. 
Raphe ; the vascular umbilical cord, form- 
ing the line of communication between the 
hilum and chalaza of the seed. 
Receptacle (receptaciditm) ; the apex of 
the peduncle, the part upon which the car- 
pels are attached. 
Regma ; a compound superior fruit, de- 
hiscing with elasticity into two valves, as in 
euphorbia : the cells of this kind of fruit are 
called cocci. 
Rostellam ; a term applied to the radicle in 
the embryo. 
Rupturing ; an irregular mode of bursting 
in the pericarp, distinct from dehiscence, 
which is regular, and always takes place by 
the valves : in rupturing, the texture of the 
pericarp is broken. 
Sacellus ; synonyme of diclesium. 
Samara; a compound, superior, winged, 
many-celled indehiscent fruit, in which the 
pericarp is dry, as in the ash and the elm. 
