BOTANICAL TERMS. 
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Sarcobasis ; same as carcerulus. 
Sarcocarp (sareocarpiuni) ; the interme- 
diate fleshy or pulpy mass between the epi- 
carp and endocarp. 
Sarcodermis ; same as sarcocarp. 
Scapus, scapellus ; terms applied to the 
neck or collet. 
Sceleranthum ; synonyme of diclesium. 
Scutellum ; a term applied to a form of 
fructification occurring in lichens, consisting 
of a shield with an elevated rim enclosing the 
sporules. 
Secundine ; an inner membrane enveloping 
the nucleus. 
Sepita ; the dissepiments or partitions which 
divide the interior of a fruit into separate 
parts or cells. 
Septicidal ; a mode of dehiscence, which 
takes place through the dissepiment, that is, 
when the dissepiments divide into two plates, 
and form the sides of each valve, as in rho- 
dodendron. 
Septifragal ; a mode of dehiscence in 
which the dissepiments adhere to the axis, 
and separate from the valves, as in the con- 
volvulus. 
Seta ; the stalk which supports the theca3, 
or capsule, in mosses. 
Silicula ; a compound superior roundish 
fruit, with a dry pericarp, and dehiscing by 
valves ; the position of the placenta dis- 
tinguishes the silicula and the siliqua from 
the ceratium and capsule. It differs from 
the siliqua in being of a roundish form : the 
common shepherd's purse, and the garden 
honesty are examples. 
Siliqua ; a compound superior linear fruit, 
with a dry pericarp, and dehiscing by valves : 
in this and the last the placenta is opposite 
the lobes of the stigma : this kind of fruit is 
instanced in the stock and the cabbage. 
Soredia ; heaps of powdery bodies, scat- 
tered over the surface of the thallus or leafy 
frond of a lichen. 
Sori; the small heaps, clusters or patches 
of spores or granules which are the repro- 
ductive particles of what are called dorsiferous 
ferns, which are those which bear these sori 
on the back of the fronds. 
Sorosis ; a collective aggregate convex 
fruit, forming a succulent spike or raceme, 
converted into a fleshy fruit by the cohesion 
of the ovaries and floral envelopes : the fruit of 
the pine-apple and mulberry are of this class. 
Spermaphorum ; a term applied to the 
placenta. 
Spermidium ; same as achenium. 
Spermoderm ; same as testa. 
Sphalerocarpum ; a collective one-seeded 
fruit, with a fleshy perianthium, and indehis- 
cent pericarp, as in the fruit of the yew tree 
and sea buckthorn. 
Spilus ; a brownish spot occurring in the 
seeds of grasses, and indicating the position 
of the hilum. 
Sporangia ; granules which contain the 
sporules of ferns. 
Sporangium ; the external case in which 
the sporules of some fungi are contained. 
Sporangiola ; same as sporangium. 
Spores ; same as sporules. 
Sporidiola; s&vaeassporules: applied to fungi. 
Sporidia; the filmy envelope or immediate 
covering of the sporules of fungi. 
Sporocarpium ; the capsule of jungerman- 
nias, a class of cellular plants allied to mosses. 
Sp>orules ; the minute granules or repro- 
ductive particles of cellular plants, analogous 
to the seeds of flowering plants. 
Sterigmum ; synonyme of carcerulus. 
Strobilus ; a collective aggregate convex 
fruit, differing from a sorosis in being an in- 
durated amentum, instead of a succulent spike; 
the carpels of the strobilus are scale-like, and 
bear a naked seed ; the fir cone is an example. 
Stroma ; in fungi, a fleshy body to which 
the flocci or woolly filaments are attached. 
Strophiola? ; irregular lumps or protuber- 
ances about the umbilicus, arising from the 
enlargement of the testa. 
Superior; this term is applied to a fruit 
when the pericarp does not adhere to the 
calyx, or originates above or within it : the 
plum is a superior fruit. 
Sutural ; a mode of dehiscence which takes 
place along the inner edge of a simple fruit, 
as in the pea. 
Sutures ; the edges by which the valves of 
the fruit unite ; when the sutures correspond 
to the midrib of a leaf it is called the dorsal 
suture, and when corresponding with the 
margins, the ventral suture. 
Syconus ; a hollow aggregate collective 
fruit ; a fleshy rachis, having the form of a 
flattened disk, or of a hollow receptacle, with 
distinct flowers, as in the fig. 
Syncarpium ; an aggregate fruit, in which 
the ovaria are elevated above the calyx, and 
the pericarps cohere into a solid mass, as in 
magnolia and the custard apple. 
Syncarpous ; a term applied when the 
carpels of a compound jfistil are united com- 
pletely into an undivided body, as in pyrus. 
Synocliorion ; same as carcerulus. 
Tail; the long feathery or hairy termi- 
nation of certain fruits. 
Testa ; a collective term applied to the in- 
teguments of a seed, consisting of three parts, 
namely, an external and internal integument, 
with an intervening substance called the sar- 
codermis. 
Thalamus ; same as receptacle. 
Theca; the urn, or capsule which contains 
the sporules of the mosses. 
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