440 
GARDENING CALENDAR FOR OCTOBER. 
in frames, hand-lights, or in pots, and keep 
under glass, but give as much air as possible ; 
dust the young plants with soot and lime, 
■which prevents damp, as well as the attacks of 
vermin. 
Celery. — Continue to watch the progress of 
celery, and encourage it by earthing it up 
often, but not much at a time ; never allow 
the soil to choke the plant by getting into the 
heart ; do not touch it when wet. 
Chives should be taken up and re-planted 
every two or three years ; give them rich 
common soil, and a distance of twelve inches 
apart oneway, and six the other. 
Dill. — Sow early in a light soil, and in a 
warm spot, and cover slightly. 
Endive. — Lift with balls, and put it in 
frames, giving no water over head, and admit- 
ting air freely. In sheltered places it should 
be tied up, and allowed to stand until used ; 
always work amongst it when quite dry. 
Garlic. — Plant in a dry and a rich soil, in 
shallow drills three or four inches apart in the 
drill, and ten inches between. 
Herbs, as balm, mint, tansy, &c, may all be 
transplanted now, putting them in a medium 
rich soil, and apportioning the distances accord- 
ing to the height and nature of the plant ; it 
is an advisable plan to keep them together. 
Horseradish may be taken up and re- 
planted, reserving all the finest for winter use; 
it will keep fresh if laid amongst sand, or with 
parsnips or carrots. 
Jerusalem Artichokes may now be taken up 
and laid amongst sand, although they will keep 
without it ; or they may be dug up a few at a 
time, as wanted. 
Leehs should be hoed, and the soil drawn 
slightly up about them. 
Lettuce. — Dust over the small plants with 
lime and wood-ashes. Plant out those in- 
tended to stand the winter in the warmest 
available spot, and some under hand-glasses, 
or in frames. The older plants may be lifted 
with balls, and put in neat rows in frames, 
giving plenty of air and little moisture. 
Onions. — Have the August sowing hoed, 
and thin them out for using in salads. Look 
over those gathered in last month, and clean 
them thoroughly ; in doing so handle them 
gently. 
Parsnijis. — Take up, dress, and store these 
amongst sand ; the roots are the better for 
laying a day or so in a dry place ; try an 
autumn sowing if the ground is dry, deep, and 
rich, but not lately manured. 
Peas. — Sow any of the early sorts, say 
Prince Albert, or Racehorse, at the end of 
the month, along the bottom of the wall ; this 
situation is to be preferred from its shelter, 
and the facility afforded for protecting them ; 
guard against the ravages of mice by trap- 
ping, or mix among the soil coal ashes, or any 
such materials. 
Potatoes. — Plant largely of the early sorts, 
as they are not so liable to be attacked by dis- 
ease ; put in the main crops now, and avoid 
using any rank manure, and cutting the sets. 
Those being stored should be laid thin, and 
often turned, picking out those infected ; in 
every case they must have a cool and dry 
place ; if they get damp, a dusting with lime 
or charcoal is good. 
Radishes. — The last sowing should be made 
early, upon the warmest border at command. 
Salads, as mustard and cress, if sown at all, 
must have a warm spot, or a frame ; it can be 
raised in boxes or large pots at any season, 
where there is a command of artificial heat. 
Salsify. — Take up, dress, and store amongst 
dry sand. The same with scorzonera. Allow 
the fibrous roots of both plants to remain. 
Savoys. — Plant early ; they will be found 
useable about Christmas ; hoe the earlier 
plantings, and divest them of dead leaves. 
Shallots. — Plant in drills an inch or two in 
depth, and six inches and a foot apart. 
Spinach is much improved by being well 
thinned and thoroughly cleaned ; choose a dry 
day for the operation. 
Turnips. — Take up when dry, and dress 
and store away in a cool place, throwing a 
little straw, or such like, over them, to prevent 
the action of the air from shrivelling them. 
THE FRUIT GARDEN. 
General Directions. — The thorough drain- 
ing of the places where fruit trees are to be 
planted should be early attended to ; and such 
trees as have dropped their leaves may be 
lifted. Lose no time in gathering in the 
various fruits, which must now be ready, and 
hasten the ripening of grapes and late fruits, 
by covering at night, and removing every 
shoot that is not required for fruit next year. 
Pruning and nailing may be seen to, about 
the end of the month ; and figs should, in cold 
situations, be early protected by a covering of 
straw and mats. 
Fruit Room. — Continue to keep this apart- 
ment cool, and have each sort distinctly 
marked, and laid out neatly in single layers ; 
none but those of superior quality, and free 
of taint, should be retained ; the early sorts, 
or such as are being used, may be laid thicker, 
but avoid heating or sweating them at any 
time. Always handle the fruit carefully ; the 
bruises which are sustained in the processes 
of gathering and housing, are a prolific source 
of decay. 
Apples are most easily blemished, and must 
be collected as if they were eggs ; when the 
baskets are emptied make the fruit fall or roll, 
as it were, over the arm. If severe frost 
