444 
GARDENING CALENDAR FOR OCTOBER. 
three or four inches, and plant them six inches 
apart. To keep each root in its place, it is as 
well to press in the bulb and cover it with a 
cone of soil ; have them all arranged as you 
would exhibit them, and plant them exactly 
so. Plant the common sorts in patches 
throughout the borders. 
Violets. — Give a thorough cleaning and 
stir up the soil amongst them : the chief 
store should be in frames ; these should also 
be cleaned and aired abundantly. 
VTTNDOW GARDENING. 
As the nights become cold, all tender 
plants must be taken in-doors in the evening. 
and not be returned again to the balconies or 
window sills until the morning frost is en- 
tirely gone. The supply of moisture to all 
plants should be gradually reduced ; this is 
especially necessary with such as lose their 
leaves, or are of a succulent texture ; such 
should also be kept as near the light as possible. 
"Where there is no greenhouse or pit to obtain 
a few fresh plants from occasionally, cne or 
two should be bought as wanted to fill up 
vacancies. Indeed, in large towns this would 
be the least troublesome way at all seasons, as 
few window plants will repay any but an 
enthusiast for the expense and trouble of 
keeping them through the winter. 
Bulbs, such as hyacinths, crocus, &c, 
should be placed in glasses or pots if not done ! 
last month ; and, in that case, a second lot 
should now be put in. Place those in water ! 
in a dark cupboard, or similar place, but not 
in too warm a situation, or they will start but ] 
weakly. 
Begonias must be watered very sparingly. ! 
giving little or none to such as are in or near 
a dormant condition. 
Camellias. — Water very carefully, but suf- ! 
ficiently to prevent the roots from ever being I 
dry : keep them in a light airy situation. 
Cinerarias. — Continue to shift as requisite 
until they are in convenient sized pots, and 
water regularly and rather copiously, using a ] 
little manure water about once a week, except 
the weather be very damp and cloudy. 
Fuchsias. — Gradually reduce the supply 
of moisture as they go out of flower, 
and let them go to rest. Shorten in the 
smaller shoots, and put them by for the 
winter, in a place where they will be safe 
from frost, and where they will not become 
too dry. 
Geraniums. — Those which are past flow- 
ering may receive similar treatment to the 
fuchsias, but they should not be cut. Pro- 
tect them carefully from frost, but give them 
as much air as the weather will permit. 
Jfi/rtles, and similar evergreens, should be 
kept as near the light as possible, in an airy 
place. "Water regularly, and keep the foliage 
free from dust and dirt. 
Hoses. — Such as are not in an active state 
should receive but little water, but any of 
the Chinese or related sorts which may be 
growing, may be encouraged by being placed 
in a warm situation and watered regularly : 
give air freely to all. 
Primulas. — Shift when necessary, paying 
attention to the drainage and to the watering. 
I Keep them rather close for a week or so, and 
i then give air freely when they commence 
growing again. 
Violets. — Keep these in a dry airy place, 
\ and water only so much as to keep the soil 
just damp. In potting them up from the 
| open border, use a very sandy loamy soil. 
Wardian Cases. — These may be made a 
I very interesting feature for winter decoration, 
as they may consist of single bell-glasses of 
various sizes for mosses and lycopodiums, or 
| of any larger dimensions for larger plants, or 
to suit any particular situations. Even in 
the smallest, artificial rock-work may be in- 
troduced, leaving holes in which to insert the 
plants. In addition to the plants mentioned 
above, ferns, dwarf cacti, mesembryan- 
themums, sempervivums, haworthias, and 
all the smaller species of succulent plants 
may be used ; and by judicious group- 
ing — never using ferns or such-like plants in 
the same case with succulents — many combi- 
nations of strange forms might be effected. 
At this season water must be used with great 
caution, especially to succulents. 
PITS AND FRAMES. 
The principal operations will consist in 
preparing proper protection for these struc- 
tures against frost, in airing, shutting up 
early, and in the careful application of water. 
Annuals. — Shift any that may require it 
early in the month, and get them permanently 
arranged for the winter. Give air constantly, 
by taking the lights quite off on fine days, and 
tilting them in wet weather, and at night as 
long as the cold is not severe. Water freely 
in fine weather, but reduce the quantity to- 
wards the end of the month : less water will 
be required if the pots are plunged in coal 
ashes, or similar material. 
ttalf-hardy Plants, as calceolarias, pe- 
tunias, verbenas, &c, should be permanently 
arranged, but not plunged, the great diffi- 
culty of keeping them consisting in keeping 
them dry enough in damp weather. Give all 
the air possible during favourable weather ; 
and if the frames are heated by hot water or 
otherwise, and the weather prove very damp 
towards the end of the month, a little lire 
should be lighted in the day-time occasionally, 
to dry the pits and plants, the nearest of the 
