482 
GARDENING CALENDAR EOR NOVEMBER. 
of the earliest sorts ; do not add dung about 
the sets ; plant six inches deep. 
Salsify and Scorzoriera. — Get up the roots, 
and have them cleaned and stored in dry 
sand immediately, if not already done. 
SeahaJe. — Give a thorough cleaning, and 
have it all slightly covered with leaves or 
strawy litter. 
Shallots. — Plant on the first dry day ; but 
if the soil is wet defer it until spring. 
Spinach must be carefully gathered, that 
is, pick the under full-grown leaves, and not 
the upper ones, from the plants. A slight 
hoeing when dry operates beneficially ; and 
when wanted regularly for use, it is often 
advantageous to have foresight enough to 
pick it the night before severe frosts. 
Turnips should all be secured from the wet : 
they keep well out of doors, covered with 
straw ; but it is preferable to have them in 
a corner of the potato-house, where a little 
litter may be cast over them. 
THE FRUIT GARDEN. 
General Directions. — Proceed in earnest 
with the pruning and nailing of wall trees, 
leaving nothing until spring that can be done 
now ; defer only the apricots, peaches, nec- 
tarines, and figs. When the trees are very 
luxuriant, root pruning may be resorted to. 
This operation consists in opening a trench 
two feet from the stem, and cutting all the 
strong and tap roots ; to do this well, get first 
an idea of the nature and extent of the roots, 
so as to form, when pruning, an equilibrium 
between the latter and the branches. New 
plantations of all sorts of trees may be pro- 
ceeded with : drain well at bottom, and plant 
shallow. The fruit is, ere this, expected to 
be all secured. 
Fruit Room. — Give air daily to this struc- 
ture, and pick out all fruit which show decay, 
on its first appearance. It will be necessary 
to keep turning them where they are thick. 
Put the good-keeping sorts on the upper 
shelves, and have all distinctly named. 
Apricots may be planted in a soil of good 
turfy loam, eighteen inches deep ; defer 
pruning both old and young trees until spring, 
but the luxuriant green shoots may be taken 
away at once. 
Apples. — Young and old trees in every 
style of training may now be pruned and tied 
or nailed : cut the wood shoots close in, and 
thin out the fruit spurs. Keep standards 
open in the heart, and dwarf. Plant young 
trees in a loamy soil. 
Cherries. — Finish the pruning and nailing 
of the early sorts ; such as the Morello may 
be deferred. See that in nailing none of the 
shoots are allowed to press against the nail, 
but rather make them rest in the shred, other- 
wise they are liable to canker. 
Currants of all sorts may be pruned and 
dressed ; new plantations may be made, and 
stores of cuttings put in. Do not shorten the 
black currant shoots, merely thin them ; in 
all cases give the bushes a symmetrical form 
and young appearance. 
Figs must be protected in exposed situa- 
tions, with such materials as fern or spruce 
boughs ; remove all the green fruit that are 
larger than marbles, as they are sure to fall 
off in spring. 
Filberts. — Prune similarly to currant bushes: 
remove all the suckers that spring from the 
root ; shorten the spurs when they exceed 
six inches in length ; allow a strong shoot to 
remain to fill up where there is a vacancy. 
Make new plantations, and plant at eight or 
ten feet apart. 
Gooseberries. — In pruning the old bushes, 
do not shorten the leaders ; but this is im- 
portant in young plants to induce them to 
make wood : slip off (not cut) those intended 
for cuttings, and take out all the eyes or buds, 
except three at the top. 
Nectarines and Peaches. — Divest these 
early of all green leaves and unripened shoots, 
but defer pruning until spring. Plant and 
mulch young trees, but the cutting of these 
also must be deferred. 
Pears. — Prune, nail, and plant. Strict 
attention must be paid to the sorts in pruning, 
as some bear best on the young wood ; keep 
the spurs short and thin ; do not stop the 
leading shoots on the wall, except in the case 
of young trees : most of the pears like hox-i- 
zontal training. In planting trees, select or 
make the soil into a loam of medium texture, 
eighteen inches deep, and well drained. 
Newly planted standards it will be necessary 
to stake. 
Plums. — Nail or tie in a good deal of the 
young wood, and shorten the spurs ; tar twine 
is better than anything for tying in the old 
branches. 
Raspberries. — Thin the canes to four or 
five, and cut the others close to the ground : 
tie them up to strong stakes, from four to 
five feet long, and manure and dig between the 
rows. Make new plantations, keeping them 
four feet apart in the row, and from six to 
eight between ; choose a shady place, and a 
deep rich soil. 
Vines. — Prune and nail in early : cut out 
all the weak and unripened rods, and shorten 
most of those left to three or four eyes ; this 
is better than spurring for walls. 
THE FORCING GARDEN. 
General Directions. — Continue to clean out 
the houses, and prepare for early forcing : lay 
