494 
ANALYSIS OF MANURES. 
200lbs. of the moist human excrement, and the 
value of good poudret is as compared with 
cow duug as 14 to 1. Another kind of pou- 
dret is prepared in France by boiling the offal 
of the slaughter-house by steam into a thick 
soup, and mixing the whole into a stiff paste 
with sifted coal ashes and drying it. But 
perhaps soot is the most powerful of all 
manures. Its analysis is as under : — 
Geine 30-70 
Nitrogen 20-00 
Salts of lime, mostly chalk . . 25-31 
Bone dust 1*50 
Salts of potash andsoda, and ammonia 6*14 
Carbon 385 
Water 1250 
100-00 
The salts, therefore, in 100 lbs. of soot are 
equal to a ton of cow dung. But among the 
subjects of regret to all who give themselves 
the trouble of thinking about such matters, 
that of wasting the liquid evacuations of ani- 
mals is perhaps the most remarkable. The 
salts therein contained are beyond measure 
valuable ; yet how rarely are they appropri- 
ated ! how common is it for this and the 
drainings of the dungyard to run to waste ! 
Let us look a little to their composition and 
to their fertilizing qualities, and compare 
them with the analyses we have already 
quoted. We shall still keep to the authority of 
the Much Manual, the most useful work that 
has emanated from the press on the subject. 
That of the cow contains : — 
Water 65 
Urea 5 
Bone dust 5 
Sal ammoniac and muriate of potash 15 
Sulphate of potash 6 
Carbonate of potash and ammonia . 4 
100 
Compare this with the dung of the cow. 
It appears already that 100 lbs. of dung afford 
2 lbs. 2oz. of carbonate of ammonia, while this 
gives 5 lbs. of ammonia in its urea, and nearly 
three times 5 lbs. in its other ammoniacal 
salts; in short, 100 lbs. afford 35 lbs. of the 
most powerful salts ever used by farmers. 
The liquid evacuation of the horse con- 
tains : — 
Water 94-0 
Urea *7 
Chalk 1-1 
Carbonate of soda *9 
Hippurate of soda 2-4 
Muriate of potash -9 
100-0 
It is thus equal in value to cow-dung, pound 
for pound ; but when we come to the subject of 
waste, the author of the Muck Manual tells 
us that every man wastes annually enough 
salts to manure an acre of ground. The liquid 
evacuations are equal in value to that of the 
cow : the analysis is not in all respects the 
same, but the value is. According to Dr. 
Thompson's analysis, the contents of 1,000 lbs. 
are more than 42 lbs. of salts, for there is not 
an ingredient that is not essential to plants. 
The analysis is as follows : — 
Sal ammoniac -459 
Sulphate of potash .... 2-112 
Muriate of potash .... 3 -674 
Common salt 5-060 
Phosphate of soda .... 4-267 
Bone dust, phosphate of lime . '209 
Acetate of soda 2-770 
Urate of ammonia .... "298 
Urea, with colouring matter . 23-640 
Water 967-511 
1,000-000 
Wrong cast, because these make up 1,010 
instead of 1,000 ; but we suspect that the 
contents are right in all the essentials, and 
that the error is in putting down the defi- 
ciency as water, which is probably in the 
original not stated other than in words — 
"rest water." It is not, therefore, of any 
consequence as regards the value as a ferti- 
lizing matter. 54 bushels of soot and 6 lbs. 
of salt produced larger crops of both the 
Altringham and Belgian white carrots than 
24 tons of stable manure and 24 bushels of 
bones, though at half the cost. We cannot 
help wishing that there were some uniformity 
in the mode of recording the contents of any 
thing analysed, that we might be better able 
by comparison to judge the value, and have 
more confidence in the gentlemen who under- 
take such tasks. It is greatly to be regretted 
that persons affording information cannot 
understand why one man should produce one 
set of combinations, and another chemist bring 
out another, when the two articles are the 
same ; but so it is, and we have seen nothing 
yet to reconcile us to the discrepancies which 
we have shown in the various analyses of 
guano and of cow manure. There is nothing 
like uniformity of terms, nor any thing recon- 
cileable to common people, in the fact of one 
giving a greater number of particulars than 
another ; and we take leave to remind these 
gentlemen chemists that nothing tends to ad- 
vance science so much as uniformity among 
the teachers and professors, and their pub- 
lished opinions. Different terms may in some 
instances mean the same thing, but analyses 
