BOTANICAL TERMS. 
539 
Antitropal (antitropus) ; applied to the em- 
bryo of the seed when it is straight, and lies 
in a direction opposite to that of the axis of 
the seed. 
Anterior; seated or growing in front of 
some other body. 
Appendictdate (appendicidatus) ; when a 
body is furnished with appendages or other 
parts which are not essential to the idea of the 
original body. 
Appressed (app>ressus) ; pressed closely to 
anything, as hairs to the stem, or leaf, &c. 
Approximate ; approaching near together, 
in close connexion with. 
Articxdated (articulatus) ; when one body 
is united with another by a manifest articula- 
tion or joint. 
Assurgent (assurgens) ; ascending, when a 
part has an upward tendency, or a direction 
upwards, with an oblique base. 
Axillary (axillaris) ; arising from the axils 
of the leaves. 
Basal (basilaris) ; fixed to the base'of any 
body. 
Brachiate (brachiatus) ; applied to ramifi- 
cations when they proceed from a common 
axis, nearly at right angles, and alternately in 
opposite directions. 
Caidine (caulinus) ; arising from the stem. 
Caudicula ; a small membranous process 
on which the pollen of orchids is situated. 
Cehus ; upright, of stately growth, tall. 
Cernuous (cernuus) ; drooping, inclining 
from the perpendicular, so that the apex points 
to the horizon. 
Circinate (circinatus, circinalis) ; a mode 
of vernation when the leaves are rolled spirally 
inwards ; also applied to any part bent in the 
same way (like the head of a crosier), as the 
young fronds of ferns. 
Climbing (scandens) ; applied to stems which 
being too weak to grow erect, attach them- 
selves to other plants or other bodies for sup- 
port, as in the vine, ivy, &c. 
Coadnate (coadnatus, coherens, confluens) ; 
cohering, running together, the fastening to- 
gether of homogeneous parts. 
Coarctate (coarctatus) ; pressed together. 
Cochlear (cochlearis) ; a form of estivation 
in which one piece being larger than the other, 
and hollowed out like a hood, covers all the 
other, as in the aconite. 
Concrete (concretus) ; formed into one mass, 
joined together. 
Condensate (condensatus); bundled, growing 
close together. 
Conduplicate (conduplicata) ; a form of 
estivation, or vernation, when the sides 
are applied in a parallel direction to their 
faces. 
Conferruminate ; united together so as to 
be undistinguishable. 
Conglutinate (conglutinatus) ; glued to- 
gether into one mass. 
Connate (connatus) ; when the bases of op- 
posite leaves are united round the stem. 
Connivent (connivens) ; convergent, hav- 
ing a gradual inward direction. 
Contorted (contorta) ; a mode of estivation 
resembling that called twisted, but in this the 
parts are oblique in figure. 
Convolute (convolutiva, convoluta) ; a form 
of estivation or vernation, when the one part 
is wholly rolled up in another. 
Creeping (reptans) ; applied to stems which 
being too weak to grow erect, and not having 
organs enabling them to lay hold on surround- 
ing plants or objects, extend along the surface 
of the earth and send down roots at intervals ; 
this is the same as trailing. 
Crowning (coronans) ; situated on the top 
or crown of anything. 
Curvative (curvativa) ; a form of estiva- 
tion or vernation, in which the margins are 
slightly curved, without being twisted. 
Beclinate (declinatus, dejiexus) ; deflexed, 
bent downwards. 
Decumbent (decumbens) ; reclining upon the 
earth, and rising at the point, as in many stems. 
Becurrent (decuivens); prolonged below the 
point of insertion in a direction downwards. 
Becursive (decursivus) ; same as decurrent. 
Beflexed (dejiexus) ; bent in a downward 
direction. 
Bependent (dependens) ; hanging down- 
wards, or having a downward direction in 
consequence of weight ; nearly the same as 
pendulous. 
Bescendens ; having a gradual downward 
direction. 
Biffuse (diffusus) ; spreading in a remark- 
able degree. 
Bivaricate(divaricatus) ; straggling, branch- 
ing out irregularly, but nearly at a right angle, 
as in some stems. 
Bivergent (divergens) ; growing widely 
asunder, or having a tendency to do so. 
Borsal (dorsalis) ; fixed to the back of 
anything. 
Embracing (amplectans) ; clasping with the 
base ; mostly applied to leaves. 
Epigeous (epigceus) ; growing close upon the 
surface of the earth, 
Epigynous (epigynus) ; growing on the sum- 
mit of the ovary ; applied to the position of 
the stamens. 
Epiphyllous (epiphyllus, foliaris) ; inserted 
or growing upon the leaf. 
Equitant (equitans) ; a mode of vernation 
in which the edges of the leaves overlap each 
other alternately without involution, as in the 
iris. 
Erect (erectus) ; upright, pointing towards 
the zenith. 
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