BOTANICAL TERMS. 
541 
direction inclining both forwards and down- 
wards. 
Prostrate (jjrostratus) ; lying flat on the 
ground. 
Quincunx (quincuncialis) ; a mode of esti- 
vation in which the parts are five in number, 
— two exterior, two interior, while the fifth 
covers the interior with one margin, and has 
its other margin covered with its exterior ; 
this occurs in rosa. 
Radical (radicalis) ; arising from the root. 
Ra.rn.eous (ranieus, ramealis) ; belonging to 
the branches. 
Reclinate (reclinata) ; a mode of vernation 
when the leaves are bent down upon their 
stalk ; also applied, with inclinate anddeclinate, 
to any thing falling gradually back from the 
perpendicular. 
Recumbent (recumbens) ; prostrate, lying 
flat. 
Replicate (replicatwa) ; a form of estiva- 
tion or vernation in which the upper part is 
curved back and applied to the lower. 
Resvphiate (resupinatus) ; inverted, as com- 
pared with the normal position, by the na- 
tural twisting of the stalk, so that the part 
looks to be upside down ; it is the case in the 
fiowers of some orchids and other plants. 
Retrorse (retrorsus) ; turned backwards, or 
in an opposite direction to the apex of the 
part to which it appertains. 
Revolute (revolutiva, revolutd) ; a form of 
estivation or vernation, when the edges are 
rolled backwards spirally on each side ; ap- 
plied also to leaves and other parts when 
rolled backwards. 
Secund (secundus) ; one-sided, having all 
the parts turned in one direction in conse- 
quence of the stalks being twisted. 
Sessile (sessilis) ; stalkless, and sitting close 
on the body to which it is attached. 
Spiral (spiralis) ; twisted in the manner of 
the corkscrew ; some flowers are thus arranged 
in reference to their axis. 
Straight (rectus) ; not devious, wavy, or 
curled ; strictus is applied to anything remark- 
ably straight. 
Submersed (submenus, demersus) ; fixed 
beneath the surface of water. 
Supervolute (supervolutiva) ; a form of 
estivation or vernation, when one edge is 
rolled inwards, and is enveloped by the oppo- 
site edge rolled in an opposite direction. 
Terminal (terminalis) ; proceeding from the 
end of any bodj. 
Tortuous (tortuosus) ; having a devious, 
irregular, bending tendency. 
Twisted (torsiva) ; a mode of estivation in 
which one margin of each piece overlaps that 
next it, its other margin being overlapped by 
the next on the other side. 
Twining (volubilis) ; applied to stems which, 
being too weak to grow erect, wind spirally 
round surrounding bodies. It is singular that 
twining stems always grow in a determinate 
manner, that is, either winding from left to 
right or from right to left, but the same plant 
never takes both courses, and if it is attempted 
to cause it to reverse its natural course, it 
almost certainly kills it ; the former mode is 
called dextrorsum, the latter sinistrorsum. 
Vaginate (vaginans) ; sheathing the stem 
by the convolute base, as in grasses. 
Valvate (valvata, valcaris) ; a mode of es- 
tivation in which the parts are applied to each 
other by the margins only. 
Vernation; a term applied to the manner 
in which the parts of the leaf are folded when 
unexpanded — ^analogous to the estivation of 
flowers. 
Versatile (versatilis, oscillatorius) ; adher- 
ing slightly by the middle so as to swing back- 
wards and forwards, as in some anthers. 
Vertical (verticalis) ; perpendicular, at 
right angles with some other body. 
Vexillary (vexillaris) ; a form of estivation 
in which one piece is larger than the others, 
and folded over them, they being ranged face 
to face. This is the case in papilionaceous 
or butterfly-shaped flowers. 
Wrinkled (corrugata, corrugativd) ; a form 
of estivation or vernation in which the parts 
are folded up irregularly in every direction, as 
in the flowers of the poppy. 
Zigzag ; similar to flexuose, bent from side 
to side. 
TEEMS CHIEFLY APPLIED TO ARRANGEMENT 
AND NUMBER. 
Accessary ; something added to the usual 
number of organs. 
Agglomerated (agglomeratus) ; collected 
into a roundish head. 
Alternate (alternus) ; ranged one above the 
other in an alternating manner, as many 
leaves. 
Anisos ; unequal ; when applied before the 
name of an organ, it indicates that it is equal 
in number to some other organ understood. 
Bifarious (bifarius) ; arranged in two rows, 
distichous ; trifarious (trifarius), is arranged 
in three rows ; quadrifarious (quadrifarius), 
arranged in four rows ; and so on. 
Binary ; a form of arrangement where the 
parts are in twos. 
Caspitosc (ccespitosus) ; growing in dense 
tufts or patches, tufted. 
Capitellate (capitellatus) ; growing in small 
heads. 
Capitulate (capitulatus) ; arranged in small 
heads. 
Clustered (aggregatus, coacervatus) ; grow- 
ing in compact roundish masses or clusters, 
