CONIFERS. THE DAMMARA. 
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or less two ranked in direction, lanceolate, 
stiff, long pointed, about two inches in length. 
Cones without footstalks, globular, drooping, 
one inch and a quarter in length ; scales ovate, 
jagged on the margin. 
A small sized elegant evergreen tree, which, 
upon its first being discovered, gave rise 
to a great many doubts as to its proper 
place amongst the Coniferas. Hence it for 
a long time bore a great many synonyms, 
namely, Araucaria lanceolata, Pinus lan- 
ceolata, Abies major sinensis, &c. &c. — 
This tree was introduced from China at 
the commencement of the present century, 
and was generally kept in hot-houses and 
greenhouses ; but from more recent experi- 
ments there is no doubt left of its accommo- 
dating itself to an open air climate in this 
country. In the pleasure-ground at Clare- 
mont is a specimen 25 feet high. Another, 
at White Knights, which has never been pro- 
tected, is 30 feet high, forming a most elegant 
object ; and at Elvaston Castle, Mr. Barron, 
the gardener, has raised some beautiful plants 
from cuttings, a process which in this instance 
has been found to answer extremely well. 
The best way is to treat them like heaths, in 
a sharp soil containing a good mixture of sand, 
and subjecting them to a moderate bottom 
heat. The mode of compelling such plants 
to send out a leader is thus described by 
Mr. Stewart Murray, in Loudon's Gardener's 
Magazine. "In the Glasgow Botanic Garden, 
in 1825, were two plants, 2 feet or 3 feet high, 
struck from cuttings some years previously, 
the tops of which, though the trees were in 
very luxuriant health, still retained the appear- 
ance of a branch, which, even when tied up 
to a stake, always seemed as if endeavouring 
to regain its horizontal position. During the 
winter of 1825, I loosened the top of one from 
its stake, and fastened it down quite in a 
horizontal direction ; in about six weeks 
afterwards, a very vigorous shoot made its 
appearance from below the surface of the 
earth in the pot. When this shoot had attained 
the height of eight or nine inches, I cut away 
the old top entirely, and at this time (1827) 
the centre shoot produced is nearly 2 feet 
high." The same experiment has been suc- 
cessfully practised on this, as well as on other 
plants, by different individuals, in various 
localities. Small plants, in pots, Is. 6d. each ; 
those 1 foot in height, 3s. 6d. each (1846). 
Variety. C. sinensis glanca, — A beautiful 
variety with slightly glaucous leaves, growing 
as freely as the species. Plants, 1 foot, 7s. 6d. 
each (1846). 
CONIFER^.— The Dammara. 
Dammara, from Dammar, the name given 
by the inhabitants of Amboyna to the resin 
which the tree produces. — Evergreen trees. 
Dammara orientalis, Lambert (oriental 
Dammar Pine). — Leaves nearly opposite, 
entire, of alight glaucous green, oblong, lanceo- 
late, 1 1 inch long, and § inch in width. Cones 
ovate, with adpressed scales rounded at the top. 
A tall and beautiful broad-leaved evergreen 
tree, nearly akin to the Araucaria, flourishing 
on the summits of the mountains in one of the 
loveliest islands in the Indian Ocean. It is 
brought down to garnish the trim hamlets 
with which Amboyna is studded, and occupies 
a conspicuous place among the famous hard 
woods of that country. It was introduced 
into England in 1804 by Sir Joseph Banks, 
and has ever since been admired for its richly 
garnished branchlets and elegant habit. The 
wood of the tree somewhat resembles that of 
the cedar, and is represented to be light and 
of inferior quality, and consequently unfit to 
resist continued exposure to the atmosphere. 
The chief use of the tree consists in the resin 
which it yields, which is of a pure crystal- 
like colour, and which, after incisions are made, 
hangs like icicles from the trunk. The cones 
are imported from New Zealand, and the 
seeds sown in pure loam in pans placed in a 
stove. They should be covered to the depth 
of half an inch ; and when fairly up, they 
should be gradually inured to the cold, until 
they are placed in a warm sheltered sunny 
spot in the open ground. The probability is, 
that this species will prove hardy enough for 
the climate of England. [?] Plants, 6 to 9 
inches, are 15s. each ; and those 2 feet high 
are £3 3s. each (1846). 
Dammara aastralis, Lambert j (southern 
Dammar Pine). — Leaves sessile, crowded, 
rigid, somewhat wavy, shining like those of the 
box-tree, much broader at the base than those 
of the foregoing species. Cones turbinate, 
terminal, erect, tapering towards a thick 
footstalk, which gives them an appearance 
of being top-shaped. 
A lofty tree, discovered by Cook in 1769, 
and growing plentifully on the banks of the 
river which traverses the interior of the Bay 
of Islands, named by Mr. Marsden the 
Gambier ; also on that smaller river called the 
Thames, by Captain Cook. But, though 
abundant in the valleys, it ascends to the sides 
and tops of the mountains, and there towers 
far above the other gigantic trees with which 
it is associated, its trunk being bare and 
straight to the height of seventy feet, and " 
top dense and leafy. In a few instar 
clean columnar trunks have been found 
out a single branch 100 feet in length 
excellence of the wood of this pine is 
beyond a question ; for according to Lambei^ 
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