MANURING ORCHARDS. 
109 
of vegetation, but let it be potatoes, corn, wheat 
or oats, as the soil or the judgment of the owner 
may dictate. But we do insist, that where an 
exhausting crop has been taken, ample compen- 
sation in manures should be made, for the ex- 
haustion thus occasioned. 
It is better, however, as a general rule, that 
orchards be plowed only in their younger days, 
before their tops have become much developed ; 
then put the ground in the highest condition of 
fertility, and lay it down to grass, and invite 
the extremities of the outspreading, pendant 
branches to fall as low as the ground, if they 
prefer. This greatly facilitates and econo- 
mises harvesting when fruit is hand picked, 
as all valuable fruit should be, and the grass 
may be equally well secured under such trees, 
as when the branches are more elevated. We 
admire a luxuriant orchard, with its broad, 
umbrella top, sweeping the ground when loaded 
with rich, blushing fruit, and no fields can be 
better occupied than with such a harvest, if the 
varieties are well chosen, and the trees have re- 
ceived the proper care. 
If the orchard is in a meadow, and the grass 
and apples are annually removed, the leaves 
will of course follow them, as soon as the au- 
tumnal blasts or wintry winds sweep over the 
smooth surface ; and thus is the ground robbed 
of all the vegetable matter to which it has given 
life through the season. Were the orchard as 
well protected as the forest, by its numerous 
low swales, fallen branches, or upturned trunks 
and roots, and the innumerable standing trees, 
the decaying leaves and branches, and fallen 
trunks would restore to the soil all it had ab- 
stracted ; but in the absence of these, its natural 
manures, it must receive others or starve. 
Ashes are one of the best applications for 
an orchard ; so, also, is swamp muck, or a 
compost of barnyard manure ; charcoal is ex- 
cellent, as is also lime, and occasionally bone- 
dust, plaster, and salt, each of which is appro- 
priately applied around the roots. Scraping 
the trunks when they become unthrifty, mossy 
or hide-bound, and washing with strong soap 
suds or wood-ashes ley, and then giving a strong 
coat of whitewash, are attended with the best 
effects. These act both as manure and des- 
tructive of insects and worms. 
SUMMER SQUASH, OE CYMLING-, FOR STOCK. 
We are not aware that this article has been 
raised as a field crop, yet we think it may be 
introduced with decided advantage, for such as 
require additional food for stock, during the 
summer months. There are two varieties of 
vines, the bush and the runners; the former 
may be planted nearer than the latter. Both 
are prolific bearers, where the choicest kinds 
are selected, and the soil, manure, and cultivation 
are judiciously chosen. They are picked while 
still green, and given to the stock, either raw, 
steamed, or boiled. In consequence of this early 
harvesting, the vines will continue to flower and 
bear abundantly, through the warm season. 
The soil should be similar to that for pump- 
kins, being a light sandy or alluvial loam, well 
pulverised and very fertile. In addition to. a 
good soil, the plant pays abundantly for heavy 
manuring. For this purpose, scarcely anything 
comes amiss. We have found the droppings 
from the poultry yard one of the most efficient 
manures, when mixed with ashes, and immedi- 
ately buried within and around the hill. Where 
this is not attainable, guano may be used in 
connection with other manures. There is no 
danger of applying too much compost, provided 
the vines can be irrigated at pleasure, if the sea- 
son require it. In the absence of the requisite 
moisture, an excess of manure would be likely 
to burn the vines. 
May we ask that some of our readers, having 
milch cows or swine, to feed this summer, will 
plant a half acre or more, under favorable cir- 
cumstances, and communicate the results of cost 
and manner of cultivating, the yield, and its 
value for stock. 
JUVENILE VAGRANCY AND CRIME— THEIR 
REMEDY. 
The disclosures recently made of vagrants by 
the chief of our city police, are quite astounding. 
He shows an enormous amount of concentrated 
vice and destitution within our limits ; and it 
has become a leading subject of consideration 
among the enlightened and philanthropic, how 
this nuisance shall be most effectually abated. 
That a large proportion of this, probably, not 
less than nineteen twentieths, is of European 
origin, (the parties being either emigrants from 
Europe, or their immediate descendants,) does 
not at all alter the aspect of the case. As a 
nation, we might with entire propriety, oppose 
some obstacles to emptying the poor houses, the 
lazarettos, the Newgates, and Bridewells of for- 
eign countries, upon our shores ; but it has hith- 
erto suited the policy of America, to welcome 
everything, from the highest genius and worth, 
down to Congo or baboon, without let or hin- 
drance ; and we see no signs for the future of 
qualification nor abatement to this policy. Our 
destiny seems to be, continual acquisition, and 
most unfortunately for our city, her monopoly 
of foreign commerce, guarantees also a mo- 
nopoty of foreign vagrancy, destitution, and 
crime. 
In the fullness of American aspirations, we 
look to her commanding agency mainly, as foe 
future renovator of the globe. The intelligence, 
the enterprise, the activity, the resources, and 
more than all, the moral tone pervading those 
portions of the country, where the foregoing 
qualities are most conspicuous, together with the 
occupancy of half a continent, and an ocean on 
either side, to speed our designs to immediate 
results, — these are the groundwork of our hopes 
in the consummation of this great object. From 
the shores of the Pacific, we are inevitably des- 
tined to meet our co-workers, the other great 
branch of the Anglo-Saxon race, at New Zea 
land, New Guinea, Borneo, New Holland, Hin- 
doostan, and at the Cape of Good Hope ; while 
China, and even Tartary and Siberia, will afford 
abundant scope for Yankee missionaries, Yankee 
