AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION IN BAVARIA, ETC. 
11] 
penetrate into the jugular vein no less than 
two inches and a half, from the thickness of the 
skin, before the requisite evacuation can be effected. 
Should the operator be timid, and the animal show 
symptoms of immediate danger, the same relief 
may be obtained by cutting off a piece from the tail 
br ear, o? by thrusting a slender-bladed knife 
through the gristle of the nose. When the opera- 
tion of bleeding is complete, and some abatement 
of the disease obtained, the following medicine 
may be given, at one dose, in two quarts of warm 
water gruel, made of oat or Indian meal, in which 
half a pint of molasses has been previously mix- 
ed :— 
Epsom salts, % lb ; mustard, in powder, \}£ oz. ; aniseed, 
powdered, % oz. ; juniper berries, powdered, \% oz. ; saltpe- 
tre, (nitre.) % oz. 
This medicine must be varied in its dose accord- 
ing to the size and strength of the animal ; as one 
and a half pounds of Epsom salts will be necessary 
for cows of a larger size, while the quantity as 
directed above will be sufficient for small ones. 
If the medicine prove laxative, it will be unneces- 
sary to give more 5 but should it not have any 
effect in sixteen hours, the dose may be repeated. 
The blisters under the tongue, generally require 
a particular management ; first by breaking them, 
and then rubbing the parts with salt and vinegar, 
which will resist the effects of the inflammation, 
and effect a cure. 
In three or four days after the abatement of the 
disease, the hide of the animal sometimes becomes 
extremely hard, and particularly so on each side of 
the fore ribs ; and this hardness so increases that 
this part of the skin will be lifeless and destroyed. 
In the course of a fortnight it will gradually sepa- 
rate from the body, bringing with it the hair and its 
roots, in the place of which a fresh skin will be 
formed, with the exception of a few points, that 
will be somewhat more tedious to heal. In the 
latter case, the operation of bleeding and purging 
with Epsom salts, as directed above, should be suc- 
ceeded by the following diaphoretic medicine, ad- 
ministered at one dose, in three pints of mild beer 
or ale, to be repeated every day, or every other day, 
as circumstances may require, until the cure is 
complete : — 
Sulphur, 3 oz. ; saltpetre, % oz. ; valerian, % oz. ; camphor, 
l}£ drachms ; grains of Paradise, 3 drachms. 
During the continuance of the before-named me- 
dicines, the regimen of the cow should consist of 
water gruel, warm mashes made of malt and bran, 
or Indian meal, given with sweet hay, which should 
be followed for some days before she is made to re- 
turn to her usual feeding. 
^ 
Per centage of Oil Produced by Various 
Seeds. — The oils contained in various seeds, as 
given by Professor Johnston, are as follows : — 
per cent. 
Flax seed, 
1 1 to 22 
Hemp seed. 
14 " 25 
Rape seed, 
40 " 70 
White mustard seed, 
36 " 38 
Sweet almonds, - 
40 " 54 
Bitter almonds, - 
28 " 46 
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION IN BAVARIA. 
The agriculture of Bavaria, for some years past, 
has experienced a great improvement in conse- 
quence of the system of national education which 
has been adopted, and by the teaching of agricul- 
ture and gardening both by books and examples in 
the schools. One of the first consequences was an 
improved rotation of crops. Almost the whole of 
this advancement originated with M. Hazzi, an 
agricultural writer and editor of an agricultural pa- 
per, in Munich. The activity and pat/iotic exer- 
tions of this gentleman are beyond all praise. It 
was chiefly through his labors that a piece of 
ground was added to every parochial school in Ba- 
varia, to be cultivated by the larger pupils in their 
leisure hours, under the direction of their teacher. 
In these schools the boys were practically taught 
agriculture, horticulture, domestic economy, and 
forest as well as orchard culture, by the aid of 
small duodecimo catechisms, illustrated by wood 
cuts, which were afforded for seven or eight cents 
per volume. The girls are taught, in a similar 
manner, domestic economy, including cookery, and 
the rearing and management of silkworms. 
Since these schools have come into existence, an 
entirely new generation of cultivators have arisen, 
and the consequence has been, that agriculture in 
Bavaria, more especially what may be called " cot- 
tage agriculture," or rural economy, has been car- 
ried to a higher degree of perfection than in any 
other state in Central Germany. 
As a powerful means of extending a knowledge 
of improved husbandry in the United States, it is 
believed that if a similar plan were adopted in our 
common schools, this great object could be attained. 
«■ 
SUGAR CANS ON WORN-OUT COTTON LANDS. 
We have recently been gratified by the notice 
from a southern correspondent, of the luxuriant 
growth of the cane upon worn-out cotton uplands. 
This seems to have been looked upon with much 
wonder and admiration, by such as are not properly 
versed in the first principles of agricultural science. 
The land which had become exhausted by the con- 
stant cropping of corn and cotton, is found to pro- 
duce largely of a plant never before grown upon 
it. This is simply a good illustration of the bene- 
ficial effects of rotation, one of the great and im- 
portant discoveries of modern times. The avail- 
able matters of nutrition for certain plants have be- 
come exhausted in the proportion required, leaving 
others, however, in sufficient quantities to provide a 
full supply to a different class of plants. On occu- 
pying the field with these, a luxuriant growth is 
the result, which the scientific farmer would have 
confidently expected, but which the novice and un- 
reflecting, more especially the non-reading portion 
of the community, look upon with unmitigated sur- 
prise. This is one aspect of the car>e, and the 
same non-reading class are destined to another dis- 
appointment, but in opposite direction. Like the 
simpleton who accidentally found a knife, they \vill 
be looking constantly at the same place for another, 
which they may never be destined to find. 
If sugar cane be continually replanted on the 
same field, without the addition of manures, this 
crop, too, will be found to exhaust its proper pabu- 
lum or fertilizing ingredients, and soon it will yield 
