202 
WORK FOR JULY, SOUTH. 
ed with oyster-shell lime, and the contents of your 
barnyards, pig pens, and hen houses, comprise the 
very best elements for a compost manure. It is 
preferable that the heaps be formed under a shed, 
or covered with a thick layer of sod or mold. 
Draining Wet Lands. — Any wet fields or pas- 
tures of stiff clay, that are water-logged during a 
considerable portion of the year, may be deeply 
drained during this month and the next two, while 
the ground is dry. By this means, they will be de- 
prived of their surplus moisture, and converted into 
friable molds. 
Sowing Turnips. — The sowing of the flat varie- 
ties of the turnip, intended for the kitchen and the 
feeding of stock during the winter and spring, 
should be performed in Canada and the northern 
parts of the United States by the middle of this 
month ; but in Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, 
New Jersey, the southern parts of New York, and 
in the western states, the time may be prolonged 
until the middle of August, and in some places, 
even until September. If sown earlier, they are 
not so tender nor so finely flavored ; and if sown 
later, they will not generally attain a full growth. 
It has been proved by long experience in this 
country, that old sod, well rotted, or newly-cleared 
land, recently burnt over, produces the largest and 
the finest-flavored roots. Those who do not pos- 
sess lands of this description, and design to enter 
into field culture on a large scale, must render their 
ground as rich as possible, by the addition of ma- 
nure. An acre of ground will require from 250 to 
400 lbs. of Peruvian guano; 15 to 20 bushels of 
bone dust; 20 to 30 bushels of wood ashes; or 
from 500 to 1,000 bushels of fine, well-rotted barn- 
yard manure. 
In the cultivation of turnips, there are four things 
which ought to be carefully observed : 1st, unless 
the land be "folded" or burnt over, it should be re- 
duced to a finely-pulverized state. This may be 
accomplished by deep, rough plowing just before 
the freezing of the ground ; 2d, to force forward 
the young plants into a rough leaf, in order to se- 
cure them from the attack of flies. This may be 
done by soaking the seeds for 36 hours in a solu- 
tion of 1 lb. of guano to 10 gallons of water; or 
a gallon of water infused with i of an ounce of 
chloride of lime ; 3d, to have the ground clean and 
free from weeds before the seeds are sown, and 
Avatching the growth of weeds afterwards, and 
eradicating them before they choke the crop ; 4th, 
to keep the ground constantly loose and open 
about the plants, by stirring it when the weather 
is dry. The oftener the ground is stirred the better, 
provided you do not disturb the roots of the plants. 
Plowing for Winter Wheat. — As this month ad- 
vances, it will be time to think of breaking up 
your ground for sowing winter wheat. Let it be 
remembered that " deep plowing is one of the far- 
mer's best help." Before wet lands are deeply 
plowed, however, they should he thoroughly 
drained. 
Topping Indian Com. — The topping of corn is 
believed by many to be an idle waste of time, (un- 
less cured and housed for fodder, as is practised in 
the eastern states,) and injures the quality of the 
grain. 
Kitchen Garden. — Cabbages may be transplanted 
for late crops. Melons, squashes, and pumpkins 
should be carefully hoed, and kept free from weeds. 
Egg plants, peppers, and tomatoes should be plant- 
ed out, if not done before. Transplant celery in 
trenches. Sew cucumbers for pickles; also, Lima 
and kidney beans, small salad 7 carrots, turnips, and 
spinach for fall and winter use. Collect such seed 
vegetables as have come to maturity. 
Fruit Garden and Orchard. — Budding may be 
performed on all northern fruit trees the latter part 
of this month. Give to cattle or swine all fruit 
that is decayed or punctured by insects, to prevent 
future broods. Keep the ground loose around 
grapevines and trees. 
Flower Garden and Pleasure Grounds. — Bulbous 
and tuberous roots, such as tulips, hyacinths, &c, 
can now be taken up, and carefully put away 
for planting in the fall. Herbaceous flowering 
plants can be transplanted from the seed bed to 
the border. Hedges may still be clipped. Keep 
walks and borders clear of weeds. 
WORK FOR JULY, SOUTH. 
Working Cotton Fields. — As a general rule, give 
your cotton crop its last working this month. Some 
seasons, the weeds are too large to extirpate with 
the plow without injury, even before the 10th. 
Keep the fields clean, whether your intention is ro- 
tation, in your future crops, or cotton to succeed 
cotton. It will save labor next year. 
Tobacco Fields. — Pay particular attention to your 
tobacco plants, by topping them, or nipping off the 
buds with the aid of the finger and thumb nail, as 
soon as they have from twelve to fourteen leaves, or 
about knee high. Take care not to destroy the 
small leaves near the buds ; for, if the land be good 
and the season favorable, the very top leaves will, 
in a short time, he nearly as large, and ripen quite 
as soon as the lower ones, whereby, two or four 
more leaves may be saved; thus obtaining, from 
sixteen to eighteen leaves instead of twelve or 
fourteen. As the topping of the plants is essential 
to promote the growth and equalize the ripening of 
the leaves, this operation should be commenced the 
instant the bud shows a disposition to go to seed, 
and should be followed immediately by removing 
the suckers as fast as they appear. 
Shucking Corn for Fodder. — The blades from 
early-planted corn may now be stripped for fodder. 
Let the shuck, or husk, on the ear, first change 
from a green to a whitish cast ; then tie a handful, 
or so, to itself, and thrust the end of the tie be- 
tween the ear and stalk. The stalks should not be 
broken down, as this would require more time to 
strip off the blades J besides, there will be a gain in 
the end ; for it will sooner be secured from rain. 
Let the ears be well cured before stacking. 
Plowing between Late-planted Corn, Potatoes, fyc. 
— Late corn will need plowing this month, as well 
as late plantings of potatoes and vines, (squashes,) 
and the earth drawn towards them with a hoe. 
Cutting Millet. — Millet grass should be cut when 
just beginning to turn, if intended for feeding, and 
treated in the same manner as oats. 
Improving Pastures for Stock. — If your leisure 
will admit, grub up bushes, cut down saplings, and 
deaden greens for calf pastures, to be sown in Sep- 
tember or October, with rye. Plowing will not be 
necessary, as the fall of the leaves will cover the 
ground, and the grain spring up, and give a fine 
