240 
SUMMER MANAGEMENT OF SHEEP. NO. 2. 
ned in the open air, upon wooden frames resemb- 
ling gigantic gridirons. They are then examined 
by a good practical physician while resting on the 
frames. A number of separate tenements contain 
apartments for the preparation of the hides and 
other marketable materials, the perquisites of the 
butcher ? s art. An immense reservoir disseminates 
pure water through the entire abattoir, and the 
blood is carefully collected in tubs, and never 
allowed to flow. Thus, at a trifling expense, 
which is charged upon the vender for slaughter- 
ing, &c, the public are guaranteed a pure article 
of food, and the many evils of our system en- 
tirely avoided. 
The butchers' shops in Paris, are likewise des- 
titute of doors and windows; the entire front 
being composed of an iron railing, which is closed 
at night, only for protection against theft, allowing 
a free circulation of air around the meat at all 
times. These retail establishments are daily 
visited, at the opening and close of business, by 
subordinate agents, who compare the vouchers of 
the abattoir with the stock on hand ; and hence, 
any attempt at fraud, or the vending of inferior 
meat, is completely frustrated. 
If a similar system were adopted in this country, 
not only would these buildings be made a source 
of revenue to the cities or towns themselves, but, 
in addition, it would even tend to cleanliness and 
consequent healthiness, and what is of equal 
moment, the purity and wholesomeness of the 
articles consumed by the inhabitants. 
To Raise Gooseberries. — There is great dif- 
ficulty in raising healthy stalks and well-ripened 
gooseberries in this country, which, we think, is 
owing to a want of the requisite humidity in our 
summer atmosphere. In damp situations, as in 
Scotland and the north of England, they are gene- 
rally prolific and healthy. We lately saw some 
splendid specimens on Mount Ida, Troy, N. Y., in 
the garden of Mr. Vail. He attributed his success 
entirely to placing a good coating of salt-marsh 
hay around the stems. This has a double effect in 
accumulating moisture, as both the salt and hay, 
in this position, are efficient agents for the purpose. 
We have also seen an immense production of the 
fruit of gooseberries from placing a pint of salt- 
petre about the roots. Ashes and plaster have 
likewise the effect of greatly increasing humidity, 
whenever applied ; and each of these we should 
deem a good substitute for salt hay. 
Setting out Trees in Sandy Soils. — Trees 
have frequently been made to grow in dry, sandy 
soils, by placing a considerable quantity of rubble 
stone over the roots, which have first been slightly 
covered with good soil. An ample excavation of 
the original soil, both in depth and width, should 
first be made ; then throw into the hole well- 
rotted turf or swamp muck, on which the roots 
should rest. Cover these slightly, and add the 
loose stones freely, over which additional fertile 
earth should be placed, well mixed with wood- 
ashes. Peach trees, willows, and other trees have 
been made to live when thus set out, where they 
had invariably died before. 
SUMMER MANAGEMENT OF SHEEP.— No. 2. 
Ticks. — These, when very numerous, greatly 
annoy and enfeeble sheep, in the winter, and should 
be kept entirely out of the flock. After shearing, 
the heat and cold, the rubbing and biting of the sheep 
soon drive off the tick, and it takes refuge in the 
long wool of the lamb. Wait a fortnight after shear- 
ing, to allow all to make this transfer of residence. 
Then boil refuse tobacco leaves until the decoction 
is strong enough to kill ticks beyond perad venture. 
This may be readily tested by experiment. Five 
or six pounds of cheap plug tobacco, or an equiva- 
lent in stems, &c, may be made to answer for 100 
lambs. 
Maggots. — Rams with horns growing closely to 
their heads, are very liable to have maggots gene- 
rated under them, particularly if the skin on the 
surrounding parts gets broken in fighting ; and 
these, if not removed, soon destroy the sheep. 
Both remedy and preventive is boiled tar, or the 
marking substance heretofore described. Put it 
under the horns, at the time of marking, and no 
trouble will ever arise from this cause. Sometimes, 
when a sheep scours in warm weather, and clotted 
dung adheres about the anus, maggots are gene- 
rated under it, and the sheep perishes miserably. 
Preventive — Remove the dung. Remedy — Re- 
move the dung and maggots — the latter by touch- 
ing them with a little turpentine, and then apply 
sulphur and grease to the excoriated surface. 
Maggot flies, says Blacklock, sometimes deposit 
their eggs on the backs of the long, open-wooled 
English sheep, and the maggots, during the few days 
before they assume the pupa state, so tease and 
irritate the animal, that fever and death are the 
consequence. Tar and turpentine, or butter and 
sulphur, smeared over the parts, are given as the pre- 
ventives. The Merino and Saxon are exempt from 
these attacks. 
.Shortening the Horm. — A convolution of the 
horn of a ram sometimes so press in upon the side 
of the head or neck, that it is necessary to shave 
or rasp it away on the under side, to prevent ulti- 
mately fatal effects. The points of the horns of the 
ram and ewe both, not unfrequently turn in so that 
they will grow into the flesh, but sometimes into 
the eye, unless shortened. The toe nippers will 
often suffice on the thin extremity of a horn, but 
if not, a fine saw must be used. The marking 
time is the best one to attend to this. 
Division of Flocks. — It is customary at or soon 
after shearing, to make those divisions in large 
flocks, which utility demands. It is better to have 
not to exceed two hundred sheep run together in 
the pastures, though the number might, perhaps, 
be safely increased to three hundred, if the range 
is extensive. Wethers and dry ewes to be turned 
off, should be kept separate from the nursing ewes, 
and if the flock is sufficiently numerous to require 
a third division, it is customary to put the yearling 
and two-year-old ewes and wethers, and the old, 
feeble sheep together. It is better in all cases to 
separate the rams from all the other sheep, at the 
time of shearing, and to enclose them in a particu- 
larly well-fenced field. If put even with wethers, 
they are more quarrelsome, and when cool nights 
arrive, will worry themselves and waste their flesh 
in constant efforts to ride the wethers. The Me- 
