IN-AND-IN BREEDING, ETC. 
241 
rino ram is a quiet animal compared with the com- 
mon-wooled one- but poor fences, or fences half 
the time down, will tempt him to jump, and if 
once taught this trick, he becomes very trouble- 
some as the rutting period approaches, unless hop- 
pling, yoking, clogging, or " poking" is resorted 
to — any of which causes the animal to waste his 
flesh and strength, and are the cause of frequent 
accident. 
Weaning Lambs. — Lambs should be weaned at 
four months old. It is better for them, and much 
better for their dams. The Jambs, when taken 
away, should be put for several days in a field dis- 
tant from the ewes, that they may not hear each 
other's bleatings. The lambs, when in hearing of 
their dams, continuerestless much longer, and they 
make constant; and frequently successful efforts, 
to crawl through the fences which separate them. 
One or two tame old ewes are turned into the field 
with them to teach them to corns at the call, find 
salt when thrown to them, and eat grain, &c, out 
of troughs when winter approaches. 
The lambs, when- weaned, should be put on the 
freshest and tenderest feed. I have usually re- 
served for mine the grass and clover, sown the 
preceding spring, on the grain fields which were 
seeded down. 
The dams, on the contrary, should be put for a 
fortnight on short, dry feed, to stop the flow of 
milk. They should be looked to, once or twice, 
and should the bags of any be found much dis- 
tended, the milk should be drawn, and the bag 
washed for a little time in cold water. But on 
short feed, they rarely give much trouble in this 
particular. When properly dried off, they should 
be put on good feed to recruit, and get in condition 
for winter. — Randall's Sheep Husbandry South. 
IN-AND-IN BREEDING. 
Ever since we witnessed the good results of 
judicious in-and-in breeding among domestic ani- 
mals, in Great Britain, we have been advocates of 
the system to a certain extent, and could wish to 
see it more extensively practised than it now is in 
our own country. Yet, we are free to say. that, 
owing to the little knowledge of this science, at 
present existing among American farmers, for them 
to attempt the in-and-in system, would be attended 
with no small hazard. The theory of correct 
breeding ought to be made a part of their common- 
school education ; and, in their practice, they 
should be guided by those who are most success- 
ful in rearing improved animals. 
It is astonishing how supine farmers are, in re- 
gard to this important subject ; and if they have 
thought or acted on it at all, it has generally been 
in so crude and ignorant a manner, and so much 
by fits and starts, that little general good has been 
the result. They ought to start with a correct and 
definite notion of what is to be attained, and then 
follow that up, year after year, with unabating per- 
severance, till the object in view is fully accom- 
plished. This, then, should be left- to their heirs, 
the same as any other property or knowledge to 
be preserved and perpetuated, or if the advance- 
ment of science admits of it, in after years, to be 
still further improved. 
Breeding line stock has bee% and still is, a 
source of great wealth to Great Britain ; America 
might profit equally by it, if disposed to do so. In 
some of the English flocks and herds, close in-and- 
in breeding has been practised with the most bene- 
ficial consequences for nearly a century. We 
scarcely know an instance of this for ten succes- 
sive years among those of our own country. 
IMPORTATION OF SHORTHORN CATTLE. 
On my return from England last winter, I 
brought with me, for account of Col. Sherwood, 
of Auburn, N. Y., and myself, a shorthorn bull 
and three shorthorn heifers ; and one bull calf for 
J. F. Sheafe, Esq., Duchess connty, N. Y. Col. 
Sherwood and myself have had so many inquiries 
as to these cattle r that I ask a notice of them 
in the Agriculturist. 
The bull is 3d Duke of Cambridge ; his por- 
trait and pedigree may be seen in the 4th vol. of 
the English Herd Book, page 614, No. 5941. He 
was bred by that distinguished breeder, Thomas 
Bates, Esq., Kirkleavington farm, England, who 
is widely and well known both in England and 
America. The heifers and bull calf were bred by 
John Stephenson Esq., of the county of Durham, 
England, well known as the possessor of the su- 
perior and famous Princess tribe of shorthorns. 
In the execution of the commissions of Mr. 
Sheafe and Col. Sherwood, I was left to my own 
discretion ; they trusting to my judgment. I made 
a thorough examination of the various herds of 
shorthorns in England, and from among them se- 
lected such animals as I thought would meet the 
views of my associates, and, at the same time, 
satisfy the critical scrutiny of American breeders. 
These cattle have now been in America five 
months,, and have been seen by hundreds of per- 
sons, including many of our best judges and breed- 
ers. It gives me great pleasure to say, that they 
have met the approbation of all who have seen 
them. The universal testimony is, that, in every 
respect, they are the best shorthorns ever imported 
into America<. 
The vessel on which they were brought over 
encountered weather of great severity, and the 
voyage was both long and tempestuous : indeed, 
for twenty days, there was a continued hurricane. 
The cattle were reduced and worn out ; they are 
now all recovered,- except one heifer, and she was 
ill, and was knocked all to pieces by the vessel, 
and has not yet regained her form ; I fear she may 
n&t : she was the best of the three heifers, before 
sailing. 
The origin of these animals is this : The late 
Sir Henry Vane Tempest, of Wynyard Park, 
county of Durham, England, possessed a herd of 
shorthorns, well known for its wonderful and un- 
surpassed excellence, and called the " Wynyard 
herd" or "Princess tribe." In 1800, Sir 
Henry bought the original of his herd, the .cow 
Princess, of Robert Colling. After his death, the 
Wynyard herd was sold, and the cow Agelina, 
(a granddaughter of Princess,) became the pro- 
perty of Mr. Stephenson, of Wolviston, Durham. 
From Angelina, the cattle which I have brought 
over are descended. I give the pedigree of one of 
the heifers in full, to show how rich is their breed- 
ing. 
