272 
HINTS ON THE MANAGEMENT OF HORSES. NO. 5. 
and mustard, the use of which should be preceded 
by the following warm, aromatic purge : — 
Take of sulphur, from 9 oz. to 1 lb. ; grains of Paradise, 3 
drachms ; saltpetre, 1}£ oz. ; tumeric, % oz. ; cumin 
seed, % oz. 
To be mixed together, and given, milk warm, in 
two quarts of water gruel, and half a pint of mo- 
lasses. This 'medicine generally operates briskly, 
and will sometimes continue for 10 or 12 hours. 
After its operation is over, the following may be 
given, at each dose, in a quart of strong camomile 
tea, and repeated every six hours, till relief is 
obtained : — 
Take opium, in powder, \}i drachms ; camphor, 2>,j drachms; 
valerian, % oz..; mustard, 1% oz. 
These- applications should be accompanied by 
friction and heat to the surface : and the body of 
the animal, in general, as well as the parts affected, 
should be well rubbed, and covered with dry blan- 
kets, so as to keep her warm. 
Whenever the cause of the malady arises from 
worms in the stomach, evacuations by the bowels 
are the chief remedy. This may either be done by 
calomel, to the extent of one or two drachms, or 
by taking a strong decoction of savin ; and when 
the evacuations are once obtained, so as to remove 
the cause of irritation, the medicines as last recom- 
mended above will effect a cure. 
During the treatment, the cow should be frequently 
allowed to suck in as much as she conveniently 
can of a strong infusion of hay, well boiled, or 
water gruel; and when the disease remits, mashes 
may be given of bran, Indian meal, &c. 
FBESH AIR. 
Man acts strangely. Although a current of 
fresh air is the very life of his lungs, he seems in- 
defatigable in the exercise of his inventive powers 
to deprive himself of this heavenly blessing. Thus 
he carefully closes every cranny of his bedchamber 
against its entrance, and he prefers that his lungs 
should receive the mixed effluvia from his cellar 
and larder, and from a little modern patent aquarius, 
in lieu of it. 
Why should man be so terrified at the admis- 
sion of night air into any of his apartments ? 
It is nature's everflowing current, and never 
carries the destroying angel with it. See how 
soundly the delicate little wren and tender robin 
sleep under its full and immediate influence, 
and how fresh and vigorous and joyous they rise 
amid the surrounding dewdrops of the morning. 
Although exposed all night long to the air of 
heaven, their lungs are never out of order, and this 
we know by the daily repetition of their song. 
Look at the newly-born hare, without any nest to 
go to. It lives and thrives, and becomes strong 
and playful, under the unmitigated inclemency of 
the falling dews of night. I have here a fine male 
turkey, full eight years old, and he has not passed j 
a single night in shelter. He roosts in a cherry ! 
tree, and always is in primest health the year I 
throughout. Three dunghill fowls, preferring 
this cherry tree to the warm perches in the hen- 
house, took up ^heir airy quarters with him early j 
in October, and have never gone to any other roost- ' 
ing place. The cow and the horse sleep safely on [ 
the cold, damp ground, and the roebuck lies down 
to rest in the heather, on the dewy mountain's top. 
I myself can sleep all night long, bareheaded, under 
the full moon's watery beams, without any fear of 
danger, and pass the day in wet shoes without 
catching cold. 
Coughs and colds are generally caught in the 
transition from an overheated room to a cold apart- 
ment ; but there would be no danger in this move- 
ment, if ventilation were properly attended to — a 
precaution little thought of now-a-days. — Water- 
ton's Essays on Natural History. 
♦ 
HINTS ON THE MANAGEMENT OF HORSES.- 
No. 5. 
Before closing the subject of stables, we shall 
suggest some additions and conveniences which 
ought to be found in every well-arranged establish- 
ment. 
A boiling or steaming apparatus is always advan- 
tageous, where many animals are kept, both for the 
health and additional vigor which an equal quantity 
of cooked food will yield over raw; and for the 
economy in feeding, wherever food has to be pur- 
chased at prices which it generally bears in our 
eastern markets. It requires stronger digestive 
powers, and a large expenditure of vital force, for 
the stomach to concoct raw food, than that which 
has been cooked, which is just so much subtracted 
from the capacity of the animal. This is an advan- 
tage always resulting in the use of prepared food, 
even when the animal is in good health. But when 
indisposed, and his digestive powers are tempora- 
rily impaired, raw food may have the tendency to 
aggravate, or at least prolong disease much beyond 
the period that would elapse, if he had a mild, nour- 
ishing aliment, that taxed his powers less. But 
when we consider further, that the food which has 
been properly prepared will yield 15, 20, or some- 
times even 30 per cent, more aliment than the 
uncooked, we can readily determine the merits of 
the two systems by dollars and cents. With many 
articles, or at particular times, these advantages are 
not realized. Hay cannot, probably, from its great 
bulk, be steamed to advantage ; but the inquiring 
owner will ask if some other operation may not be 
substituted as a preliminary to feeding it most judi- 
ciously. We answer, the cutting box can be 
advantageously used first, and, afterwards, it may be 
wet and allowed to remain for a few hours, to soften 
its dry, wiry stems, previous to being masticated. 
If a little salt be added, it will be more palatable ; 
and it is well to throw into this, his ground proven • 
der, which is equally benefitted as the hay or straw 
by this preliminary moistening, unless, which is 
better, the latter has been cooked. 
If oats are fed whole, they might be either pre- 
viously steamed or soaked; but when thus prepared, 
the horse should first have a feed of hay, par- 
tially to fill his stomach and check his appetite, or 
he may be so greedy as to swallow much of the 
grain whole, as a result of its more tempting pre- 
paration. It is a wise provision, to secure a 
thorough mastication of the grain when dry, that 
be cannot well swallow it in this condition; and 
the sweet farina yields a delicious morsel when 
subjected to his grinders, which ensures its being 
retained till thoroughly saturated with saliva, thus 
