AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL CONGRESS, ETC. 
353 
All this region is possessed of a cold and moist 
climate ; the mountainous portion is too cold and 
damp to grow grain, and in the lower, its harvests 
are late and precarious. While the climate is either 
adverse, or only moderately favorable to the growth 
of wheat and barley, it yet is well adapted to oats, 
and especially to grass. Nowhere in the world can 
there be found richer, better, nor more productive 
pastures than the valley of the Tees presents. 
These rich pastures, however, from the severity of 
the climate, are available only seven months at the 
most, and commonly not more than six, yearly. 
For sheep, however, they furnish feeding range, 
with turnips, during the whole winter. The cattle 
deeply and badly poach those lands, while the sheep 
do not. 
■ The climate, as a whole, is bad ; cool and moist 
in summer, and very rainy, wet, and bleak in the 
winter, with but little fall of snow, and not much 
continuous freezing weather. 
Geographically, the shorthorns were originally 
confined to the region of the Tees ; and of the 
noted families of the olden day, all were in the 
valley, except the two herds of Studley Park, near 
Ripon, in the West Riding of Yorkshire, and of 
Scampston, in the East Riding. These two herds 
were owned by persons who were large land- 
holders in the Tees Valley, and are believed to have 
been derived from the Tees banks. A hundred 
years ago, and more, the famed herds of shorthorns 
might be found in the west, at Barningham, and 
extending thence to Eden, on the ocean, in the 
north, and to Ormsby, in the south. Within this 
range, are Layton, Girlington, Stanwick, Manfield, 
Hornby, Worsall, Stokesley, Acklam, and Ormsby, 
on the south bank of the Tees ; Barnard Castle, 
Streatlam, Denton, Bishop Auckland, Blackwell, 
Darlington, Oxenfield, Brafferton, Hurworth, 
Haughton, Burdon, Barmpton, Foxton, The Isle, 
Sedgefield, Aisleby, Norton, Greatham, and Eden 
Castle, on the north bank, or Durham side, of the 
Tees. At all these places, there were herds of 
shorthorns of great excellence ; and from all of 
them, the Messrs. Collings drew the originals of 
their herds. 
The valley of the Tees presents powerfully the 
truth of that axiom in breeding, recognized by all 
thorough breeders, that good cattle are coincident 
with good soil, and are never found, as a race, on 
a bad one. The character of the valley of the 
Tees, as regards its soil, is intimately connected 
with the origin and history of the shorthorns, and 
is therefore placed as a preface to their rise, pro- 
gress, perfection, and present wide diffusion. 
A. Stevens. 
Strong and Steady Milkers the Best. — Men, 
in general, are the most proper persons to milk, as 
they are stronger in the fingers, and are not so 
liable to become fatigued as women. After the 
cows have all been milked, they should be gone 
over again a second time, and every drop of milk 
taken away; as bad milking is the cause of half 
the failures in milch cows. One person, too, should 
always milk, if possible, the same cows, and the 
quantity given by each should be registered, at 
least, once every week ; and when the amount does 
not exceed four or five quarts per day, let her be dried. 
AMERICAN POMOLOG-ICAL CONGRESS. 
Pursuant to adjournment, the American Con- 
gress of Fruit Growers met at Castle Garden, in 
this city, on the second of October. A large num- 
ber of delegates, and others interested in horticul- 
ture, from various parts of the Union were present; 
and, notwithstanding the unfavorable nature of the 
season for fruits, the tables were well filled with 
fine specimens from various states. 
In the course of the session, the above-named 
association was consolidated with the North-Ameri- 
can Pomological Convention, recently held at 
Syracuse, by mutual consent, under the name of 
the lt American Pomological Congress." The next 
session will be held at Cincinnati, Ohio, in the 
autumn of 1850, at such time and place as may be 
hereafter determined. It was resolved, also, that, 
after the next session of the new Congress, their 
meetings shall take place biennially, and that the 
session of 1852 shall be held at Philadelphia. 
The Chairman of the General Committee being 
called upon for further business, presented the fol- 
lowing list of fruits for rejection, which was 
adopted : — 
APPLES. 
Gloucester White, Beachamwell, Pennock, Hen- 
ry's Weeping Pippin, Red Ingestrie, White Inges- 
trie, Kirke's Lord Nelson, Marmalade Pippin, 
Priestley, Rowland's Red Streak, Red or Royal 
Russet, Woolston's Red Streak, Golden Reinette, 
Woolston's White Sweet, Hoary Morning, Large 
Red Sweeting, Red Doctor, Grand Sachem, Cathead, 
Dodge's Early Red, Grey French Reinette, Musco- 
via, Irish Peach, Pigeonette, Salina, Caroline, (Eng- 
lish,) Fenouillet Rouge. 
PEARS. 
Croft Castle, Swiss Bergamot, Sousreine, 
Thompson's, of New Hampshire, Tucker's Seed- 
ling, Trubserburdy Dulle, Whitfield, Winter Orange, 
Wurtzer d'Automne, Tutte, Crassane, Forme des 
Delices, French Iron, Green Yair, Grise Bonne, 
Garnstone, Green Catharine, Green Sugar, Gros 
Blanquet, Green Chisel, Hays, Hawthorne's Seed- 
ling, Winter Crassane, Citron of Bohemia, Madotte, 
Frederic of Prussia, Famenga, Forme Urbaniste, 
Fantasie Van Mons, Lederbirne, Louise Bonne, 
Lansac, Madame Vert, Miller's Seedling, Marquise, 
Marcellus, Navez, Alexander of Russia, Admiral, 
Aston Town, Autumn Bergamot, D'Amour, Augers, 
Beurre d'Angleterre, Beurre Sartin, Buerre of Boll- 
wyller, Bon Chretien d'Espagne, Bon Chretien ol 
Brussels, Bergamotte Sylvange, Bergamotte For- 
tunee, Beauty of Winter, Belmont, Bezi Vaet, 
Bruno de Bosco, Blanquet a longue queue, Burgo- 
master, Horticulture, Hastiveau, Ipswich Holland, 
Jargonelle, (French,) Kramelsbirne, Lincoln, Loui? 
of Bologne, Orange, Orange Tulipe, Phillips, 
Pitfour, Piatt's Bergamot, Passe Long Bras, Prince's 
Portugal, Pope's Scarlet Major, Cuvelier, Chat 
Grille, Chair a. Dame, Charles Van Mons, (old,) 
Cassolette, Compte de Fresnol, Copea, Caillat Rosat, 
Clara, Clapp, Citron de Sieverez, Dearborn of Van 
Mons, Downton, Duquesne d ete, Doyenne Mons, 
Deschamp's New Late, Dumbarton, Doyenne Diere, 
Endicott, Elton, Royal d'hiver, Roussette St. Vin- 
cent, Swan's Egg, Saint Bruno, Pitt's Marie Louise, 
Rouse Lench, Sans Pepins, Surpasse Meuris. 
