THE FRUIT GARDEN AND ORCHARD. 
a large quantity for money. This bed will 
keep in cut for a table a considerable time. 
Beans may be planted, or rather sown, in 
rows, two feet apart, and three or four inches 
apart in the row. The best method of sowing, 
is to draw drills, about two or three inches 
deep, and after placing the beans in the bot- 
tom, to draw down some of the earth upon 
them, to cover them nearly an inch. 
Plants for seeding. — Towards the end of 
the month plant out Beet, Cabbages or Sa- 
voys, Carrots, Parsnips, and Onions, for seed. 
Select handsome specimens of each. Any one 
or more of these subjects may be desirable, 
but only in case of their being very handsome 
specimens, from which seed is wanted. In 
small gardens, nothing but the desirableness 
of the sort can make it worth attention; for a 
very small bit of seed will be enough for a 
moderate garden. 
Cabbages. — Plant out for cabbaging, a foot 
or eighteen inches apart. Sow seed in a warm, 
sheltered spot. 
Carrots. — Sow a few for an early crop. 
Cauliflowers, in frames, or otherwise 
protected, should be kept clear of dead leaves, 
have air every opportunity, and be refreshed 
with water but seldom. Give air to those 
under hand-glasses as often as the weather 
will permit, but keep the glasses down close 
in frosty weather. Sow some seed in a frame, 
or under hand-glasses, that they may be pro- 
tected. 
Spinach. — Keep clear from weeds, and pick 
the well-grown leaves only for use. Sow, 
also, some more in drills, or broad cast, that 
is, sprinkled evenly over the surface of a fresh- 
dug compartment, after levelling, and rake it 
in until covered properly. 
Salading, of all kinds, may be sown, in- 
cluding the hardy sorts of Lettuce, either in 
frames, or in warm situations, to be covered 
with litter, or hand-glasses. 
Peas. — Sow a row or two at the beginning 
and at the end of the month ; earth up those 
which are above ground, on the shady side, 
especially that the ridge may protect them 
from cold winds. 
Parsley. — Sow, it will make a good edging 
to shady borders, while the sunny ones are 
better for strawberries. Throw litter over 
any that is in good order for use, whenever 
there is any indication of a frost. 
Onions. — Sow a few in rich ground; clear 
any of the autumn-sown ones; thin them, by 
drawing them small for present use, rather than 
waste them by hoeing them out ; weeds must, 
of course, be taken away by hand, or otherwise. 
Mint, and other herbs, which die down to 
the ground, should be potted, in small quan- 
tities, to be placed in hot-beds to force, when 
they are likely to be required for use. 
Rhubarb may be covered with boxes, or 
pots, and be surrounded with hot .stable d 
to force. 
Sea Kale, also, may be covered in a simi- 
lar way, to produce early shoots. 
Mushroom beds, if not made before, may 
be made now, but should have been made in 
September. Procure a quantity of short 
stable dung ; the horse-droppings alone is the 
best. Let this be laid in a heap, in any form, 
so that the sides are sloping; either a single 
cone, a bank of any length, or a sloping hank 
against a wall; when this has a gentle heat, 
place lumps of spawn, about the size of hen's 
eggs, about six inches apart, all over this cone, 
or bank, from bottom to top, tucking them in 
just below the surface; then cover the whole 
with about an inch and a half of soil, in a 
moderately dry pulverized state. This must be 
covered with straw to protect it from the wet; 
if, however, it can be made under cover, it is 
better. The bottom of a green-house, or stove, 
is good, and will forward them; but it will do 
in a dry cellar, and even may be done suc- 
cessfully, on a small scale, on a broad shelf, 
and as well in the dark as the light. Lumps 
of spawn may be put all over a declining hot- 
bed, or in pots, full of horse-droppings, with 
a little earth over it. See that the straw 
covering of beds already in bearing are dry, 
and if not, remove the wet, and put new dry 
in its place. 
Cleanliness in the paths and beds must 
be attended to* and dtjng should be removed 
and spread in frosty weather, ready to dig or 
trench into the ground. 
THE FRUIT GARDEN AND ORCHARD. 
Trees of all kinds may be planted in open, 
favourable weather, if the ground be dry 
enough to work well. If the soil be good, 
and moderately deep, there will be no occasion 
to dung it. Plant the roots high in the ground ; 
the collars of the root should be fairly above 
the ground; deep planting is often fatal, but 
always injurious. Dig the hole large enough 
to spread the roots w r ell, and loosen the bottom 
by digging it ; see that the earth is crumbled 
well among the roots, and when covered up, 
well trodden down, and staked to prevent the 
wind from disturbing them. 
. Gooseberries and Currants. — These may 
be planted in quarters by themselves, or in a 
row across a garden; it is a bad plan to have 
them straggling about a garden without order 
or regularity, or round the beds, or along the 
edges next the paths ; they should be planted 
in rows, with only good room to go between 
them to gather the fruit, say four feet by 
three as the smallest distance that can be made 
do ; where ground is no object, five by four 
is better. It is easy to get a row or two of 
