UARDY EVERGREENS. 
115 
take the turfs that were cut before you levelled, 
and with a rod as long as half the width of 
the intended road, measuring from the centre 
row of pegs, lay down your turf, regulating 
it as you go on, making the edge next the 
pegs perfectly in keeping with them, and very 
smooth; the outer side having all the irregu- 
larity of the widths of the turfs, the inner 
edge being made fair. Care should be taken 
that the rods in measuring be exactly in a 
line across the line of pegs, for a little slope 
one way or the other would make inches dif- 
ference in the width of the road; probably 
many would prefer to make the first row of 
pegs they put in, do for one side of the road, 
and measure for the other side with a rod the 
length of the intended breadth. It matters but 
little which way it is done; we prefer the 
centre for beginners, because by attempting 
to mark out one side of the road the operator, 
if not used to it, would find he had miscalcu- 
lated the effect where the width of the road 
was added all on one side. The road once 
marked, and verges of turf down, the pegs 
may be removed, and according to the means 
you have of filling it up, so ought you to 
have the road excavated. If you have gravel 
sufficient on the estate, tafee away the top spit 
that you remove of the soil to lay in a heap 
for compost. The road ought to be one foot 
thick of gravel (or dry rubbish with gravel at 
the top) on the side, and eighteen inches in 
the middle, being taken out rather deeper in 
the middle, and the top being made higher ; 
but many roads are made only half this thick- 
ness, and where the land is drained well, if 
there be no use for the top spit of soil, it may 
be spread abroad on the surface on each side; 
but it is infinitely better to remove it, if pos- 
sible, as such stuff is always valuable. The 
turf may be all laid down again as soon as 
you have pegged out the clumps and borders, 
which are to be planted, and which, of course, 
are not to be covered; and where you are 
short of turf, what you have, should be used 
nearest to the verges, and the ground being 
levelled up to the remainder, the space may 
be sown with the proper grass seed, and left 
to turf itself. The road once properly made, 
and the clumps, or at least the leading ones, 
left properly marked, the worst part is got 
over, and if we had taken a young man round 
with us, and made him perform the work 
under our directions, this would have been no 
indifferent first lesson in Landscape Gardening. 
HARDY EVERGREENS. 
We are so wedded to the plan of gardening 
which makes a place look as well at Christmas 
as at Midsummer, that we enter upon the 
subject of Evergreens with more than or- 
dinary pleasure. There is a charming fresh- 
ness about them; for they have;, for the most 
part, glossy leaves, which few deciduous plants 
have, and are altogether superior to most 
in growth and appearance. The Evergi 
are also more varied in figure, colour, and 
foliage, than all the ordinary and available 
deciduous plants for a garden and shrubbery. 
Suppose, for instance, we commence with 
THE HOLLY. 
In this tribe alone there is sufficient dif- 
ference to form an agreeable and beautiful 
clump ; for, among the numerous varieties in 
the foliage alone, we have light, and dark 
green, narrow and broad leaves, very smooth 
and very prickly, variegated edges and varie- 
gated centres, yellow variegations and white 
variegations; in short, it is almost incredible 
the number of real distinctions that are to 
be found in this very beautiful tribe. The 
number of hardy kinds regularly recogni^d 
is very great, amounting to more than thirty; 
among these there are the following: — 
Ilex Aquifolium; tree; British. 
I. A. albo marginatum; shrub; British. 
I. A. aureo marginatum; shrub; British. 
I. A. crassi folium; shrub; British. 
/. A.ferox; tree; British. 
. /. A.flavum; shrub; British. 
I. A. heterophyllum ; tree; British. 
I. A. medio pictum; shrub; British. 
I. A. recurvum; tree; British. 
/. A. alta-clarense; tree; British. 
I. A. angustifolium ; tree; British. 
I. A. aurea pictum ; tree; British. 
I. A. ciliatum; tree; British. 
/. A. ciliatum minus; tree; British. 
I. A. crisjmm; tree; British. 
I. A.ferox ar gentium ; tree; British. 
I. A.ferox aureum; tree; British. 
1. A.fructo albo; tree; British. 
I. A.fructo nigro; tree; British. 
I. A. latifolium; tree; British. 
I. A. laurifolium; tree; British. 
/. A. marginatum ; tree; British. 
I. A. senescens; tree; British. 
I. A. serratifolium; tree; British. 
I. Balearica; tree; from Minorca, 1815. 
I. Canariensis; tree ; from the Canaries, 
1820. 
I. Cassine; tree; from Carolina, 1700. 
I. Dahoon; shrub; from Carolina, 1726. 
I. Laxiflora; tree; from Carolina, 1811. 
I. Opaca; tree; from Carolina, 1744. 
I. Recurva; tree; origin not known. 
I. Vomitoria; tree; from the Floridas. 
Besides these, and other hardy kinds, there 
are stove, green-house, and frame species, with 
which, however, we do not meddle for the 
present, our object being with such only as 
will thrive out of doors. The best mode 
of procuring the varieties most proper for 
display, is to go to nurseries and choose them, 
m2 
