258 
THE CULTIVATION AN]) MANAGEMENT OF ROSES. 
to them, to prevent the wind from removing 
them ; as when your roots have been oner 
firmly trodden in, you cannot move a tree one 
way or the other without breaking the fine 
fibres, and thus lessening the capacity of the 
root to carry strength to the head. If you are 
planting a group of standard roses, you should 
place the highest in the centre, and the lower 
ones nearer the outside; in fact, a handsome 
clump of Roses might have six feet standards in 
the middle, four feet six inches in the next 
row, three feet ones nearer the front, and 
eighteen inch ones outside; these, if at proper 
distances, and with picked sorts, of something 
near the same habit of growth, will form a 
superb mountain of Roses in the proper season. 
Rosa Banksics Lutea. 
Rows of Standard-roses may be planted with 
advantage on each side of a coach road in a 
park, or on both sides of a path on a lawn, 
but at proper distances, so that each shall form 
a specific object in itself, as well as a portion 
of a row of rose-trees. Roses also form very 
beautiful objects planted in isolated situations 
on lawns, and especially when the sort of rose 
is distinct from others, or blooms at different 
periods ; for whatever forms a portion should 
be of a similar habit to the rest of the whole. 
Thus, if a particular walk in a garden or shrub- 
bery were bounded by two rows of Roses, they 
should all flower at "once. If a clump of Roses 
is planted, they should flower at one season. 
A mixture of spring, summer, and autumn 
roses would be very bad ; the place would 
never look right ; therefore some pains must 
be taken to keep all those which flower the 
same period of the year together. One 
portion of the garden may then be always 
garnished with Roses, and it is far better than 
having Roses straggling about, with here and 
there a flowerless one among those in bloom, 
or a blooming one among those not in flower. 
Planting of Roses which are on their own 
bottoms, or worked low down for dwarfs, or 
for climbers where flowering wood is always 
wanted from the ground, differs in no wise 
from any other planting except as to the situa- 
tion, which should be chosen not too much 
exposed to the wind, as in the most sheltered 
spot they always have enough to encounter. 
They must be planted firmly, and in good soil; 
and whatever they have to climb up should be 
firmly placed by rights before the Rose is 
planted, but certainly before it shall have 
grown much, as the roots spread a good deal, 
and if damaged by violence after the plant 
has begun to grow vigorously, it will receive 
a check which it may not get over the same 
sea-on. 
PRUNING FOR BUSHES. 
The principal objects to be attained by 
pruning Roses are, — first, to compensate, by 
reducing the part to be nourished, for the loss 
of the root that has to nourish it, which loss, 
greater or lesser, is always suffered by re- 
moval. The proper way to do this pruning 
depends much on the state of the plant when 
you have planted it. If it be very bushy, 
cut away all the weaker branches, leave not 
more than three, or four of the best of the 
shoots, and shorten even those clown to a few 
eyes. If you wish the plant to continue dwarf 
and bushy, you may cut down to the last eye 
or two of the new wood, but leave no thin 
half-grown shoots on at any rate. If the 
plant is a matured bush, with numerous 
branches, and pretty strong generally, shorten 
the new wood down to two eyes, which will 
show what more you need do. It may be 
found that you have then a great many more 
Ranches left on than you require; cut one 
half of them close off, and that half must be 
the thinnest; but it maybe that the plant will 
be improved by cutting some of the main 
branches clear away, and all that are on it; 
for Rose-trees and bushes, like every thing 
else, are easily spoiled by bearing too much 
wood, and being over-crowded. The regular 
Climbing-rose is often required to make as 
much shov as possible the first year of plant- 
ing; but unless they are removed with the 
greatest possible care, they ought to be cut 
almost to the ground, and thinned out also. 
None but the strongest wood ought to be 
allowed to remain on the plant, and if this be 
not of quite first-rate excellence, it is far 
better to cut out all the weak branches, and 
cut down the strong ones to two eyes each. 
PRUNING STANDARDS. 
With regard to Standard-roses, we cannot 
help thinking, from all we have practised and 
