270 
THE CULTIVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF ROSES. 
but with some force, to prevent the green fly 
locating. The stocks now may be cleared of 
every shoot by breaking them off as fast as they 
make their appearance; and the removal of 
suckers is necessary. 
July. — Plant out this year's seedlings, and 
see that last year's do not want for water. 
Weed them when required. Attend to the 
budded ones as last month. 
August. — Bud everything that looks likely 
to produce a good flower, or indicates novelty, 
taking the strongest eyes you can find for the 
purpose; and do not lose sight of any of the 
shoots from buds of last year, that they may be 
tied, to prevent their breaking out: some which 
grow fast would be torn out by their own 
weight, if this were not attended to. 
September. — Continue budding likely sorts 
as last year ; weeding, watering, &c., and watch- 
ing the progress of those budded last season. 
October. — Same as last year to young 
seedlings; the others have pretty well made 
all their growth. As none but the strong 
shoots are useful, cut out all the thin useless 
little branches, and fasten the others for the 
winter so that the .wind cannot affect them. 
Gather berries as last year. 
November. — Attend to the litter on the 
young seedlings ; 4hose of the first sowing 
will be strong enough to do without it, except 
in very severe weather indeed. Prune the 
first year's seedlings, by cutting out the small 
brushwood sort of shoots, leaving none but the 
strong. Continue gathering berries. 
December. — Preserve the hips or berries 
as before, and look to last year's practice 
altogether. 
January. — As before in all respects ■; the 
stocks budded first have got sti'ong growth 
upon them, and require no care. 
February. — Look to lastyear for directions. 
The third season of sowing, which begins 
in March, goes on like the two predecessors. 
All we have to do now is, to watch for the 
opening blooms on the budded sorts, which 
are not to be pruned except as mentioned, by 
removing the weaker, and leaving none but 
the strongest shoots, whieh are not even to be 
shortened. This practice would have been 
just as well in one year as two; but as young 
growers of any thing are apt to get confused, 
we have rather wasted a few words, than leave 
a thing doubtful or intricate. Many persons 
have lost fine opportunities of raising seedling 
Roses, yet no flower wants improving more : 
no subject will repay the raiser of a good 
variety better than the Rose, nor is there 
in any flower more room for fine varieties. 
GENERAL HINTS. 
We may mention, as a general characteristic, 
that there is no plant which yields more 
willingly to culture than the Rose, nor in the 
growth of which there is so much certainty. If 
you desire a large quantity of bloom, and are not 
so anxious about the size of the flowers, there is 
nothing required but to spare the knife ; take 
out weak shoots, but leave plenty of wood on 
the tree, for every eye will bloom, and the more 
you leave on the better for that purpose. In 
this case the new wood made is but short, be- 
cause there is so much'of it. If, on the con- 
trary, you desire large blooms, cut away all 
the strong wood, of the year previous, down 
to two eyes at the most, and cut all the weak 
wood out altogether. Indeed you may go 
further; for you may cut away half the strong 
shoots, and lessen the number of eyes still 
more. Again, Roses in poor soil will grow 
and bloom; their flowers will be smaller, but 
not less healthy ; their wood will be weaker 
and shorter, but still sound. The principal 
danger when a Rose is starved is, that it may 
come less double; and this is so serious a fault, 
that it has occasioned many to be thrown 
away that did not deserve it, and caused many 
others to be considered wrong vaiieties, when 
they wanted nothing but good growth to make 
them right ones. On the other hand, rich soils 
will cause a Rose to grow enormously ; and 
all intermediate growths between the strongest 
and the weakest may be secured according to 
the soil they are put in to grow. Generally, 
people fancy that dung is the only thing re- 
quired ; this is a mistake, loam is required to 
grow the Rose in perfection ; and if ground is 
poor and light, a spadeful of loam and a spade- 
ful of dung, will be far better than two spade- 
fuls of dung. This ought to be always mixed 
with the soil a little, and the Rose planted in 
it. Roses are sadly injured by the wind, and 
the blooms require fastening to something or 
other, to prevent their being frayed. The 
stakes of Poses should always be made fast 
to the Rose, or the Roses be made fast to the 
stakes, with the patent leaden wire, or copper 
wire; because bast matting, or other perishable 
stuff, will give way when high wind takes 
them, and they receive a good deal of mis- 
chief before they are observed and fastened 
again. Of the Roses at present in cultivation, 
very few which are not semi-double will open 
out boldly; and those which are semi-double, 
are not fit to show as single flowers. There 
are, however, some which will bear the test 
of stand-showing, and they not of the dearest 
or newest. Those, therefore, who desire to 
grow none but perfect flowers, should state to 
the dealer, of whom they mean to buy, that 
their objeet is to have none but such as will 
expand and show a good face when fully 
bloomed, as they purpose gi-owing none others. 
The establishment of the showing in stands, like 
Dahlias, will cause many old and fine Roses to 
