302 
THE CULTURE OF HARDY PERENNIALS. 
umbels of flowers erect, terminal; the flowers 
white; height, three feet. Flowers in August. 
*Asclepias tuberosa, (Tuberous-rooted 
Swallow-wort.) — The stems nearly erect, 
branching at top; the leaves oblong-lanceo- 
late; the flowers orange-coloured, very showy, 
the umbels being disposed in terminal sub- 
corymbs; height, one loot and a half. Flowers 
in Angust. 
Asperula taurina. — (Broad -leaved 
TVoodroof.) — A dwarf plant, with whorls of 
four elliptic leaves, and axillary umbels of 
small white tubular flowers ; height, six 
inches. Flowers in June. The Asperulas 
grow well beneath the shade of trees, 
Asperula odorata, (Sweet-scented Wood- 
roof.) — The leaves are in whorls of eight 
lanceolate segments ; the flowers white, in 
terminal corymbs or bunches, smelling, when 
dry, very powerfully like new hay; height, 
four to six inches. Flowers in June. 
*Aster Amellus, (Italian Aster.) — The 
stem erect ; the leaves oblong lanceolate ; the 
flowers composite, large, purple; height, one foot 
and a half. Flowers in August and September. 
*Aster pulchellus, (Pretty Aster.) — The 
stem erect, one flowered ; the root leaves 
spathulate ; the flowers purple ; height, one 
foot. Flowers in August. 
*Aster nov^e-anglle, (New-England 
Aster.) — This has lanceolate leaves, and an 
erect stem, corymbosely branched at the top, 
bearing large panicles of purple composite 
flowers; height, five feet. Flowers in Sep- 
tember and October. 
. Aster concolor, (Self-coloured Aster.) — 
This has oblong lanceolate leaves, and a stem 
branched at the top, bearing purple compo- 
site flowers ; height, one foot. Flowers in 
September and October. 
Aster diffusus, (Diffuse-growing Aster.) 
—The stem leaves lanceolate ; the stem com- 
pound and branching, with white composite 
flowers; height, two feet. Flowers in Sep- 
tember and October. 
Aster puniceus, (Red-stalked Aster.) — 
This has oblong lanceolate leaves, and branch- 
ing stem, bearing numerous blue composite 
flowers ; height, six feet. Flowers in Sep- 
tember and October. 
Astrantia minor, (Smaller Astrantia.) — 
The root leaves palmately divided into seven 
or nine segments; the flowers are borne in an 
umbel ; they are small, pinkish, arranged in a 
sub-globular head, supported by a leafy invo- 
lucre; height, nine inches. Flowers in June. 
Astrantia major, (Larger Astrantia.) — 
The root leaves palmately divided into five 
lobes; the flowers produced in heads as in 
A. minor, but variegated ; height, two feet. 
Flowers in June. 
Astrantia intermedia, (Intermediate As- 1 
trantia.) — The root leaves palmately divided 
into five, sometimes three, lobes; the flowers in 
an umbel, pink; height, one foot. Flowers in 
July. 
Aubrietia purpurea, (Purple-flowered 
Aubrietia.) — Very pretty rock-plants. The 
plant forms a dense tuft ; the leaves oblong, 
toothed ; the flowers cruciform, light purple, 
large for the size of the plant ; height, four 
inches. Flowers in April. 
Barbarea Precox, (Early-flowered winter 
Cress.) — The root leaves are lyre-shaped ; 
the upper ones pinnated ; the flowers- arc 
small yellow, cruciform, in close heads; habit, 
branching ; height, one foot and a half. 
Flowers in the winter. 
*Betonica grandiflora, (Large-flowered 
Betony.) — The leaves oval- cordate ; the 
flowers labiate in whorls, purple ; height, two 
feet. Flowers in June. 
Betonica incana, (Hoary Betony.) — The 
leaves oblong ; the flowers labiate, pink, in 
dense spike-formed heads ; height, six inches. 
Flowers in June. 
*f Calliprora lutea, (Yellow Calliprora.) 
— Bulbous. The leaves very long, narrow ; 
the flower yellow, star-like, in an umbel ; 
height, nine inches. Flowers in July. 
Caltha palustris, flore-pleno, (Double 
flowered Marsh Marigold.) — These plants 
thrive best in damp situations. The leaves 
are rather large, heart-shaped ; the flowers 
double, yellow, like a double buttercup, on 
a branching stem ; height, one foot and a 
half. Flowers in April and May, 
*Campanula persicifolia, (Peach-leaved 
Bell-flower.) — This has an erect simple stem ; 
and peach-like, lanceolate root leaves, the stem 
ones being narrower. The flowers are bell- 
shaped, short, and broad ; blue, nodding ; 
height, three feet. Flowers in July and 
August. There are several varieties, of 
which the white-flowered, and the double 
blue and double white, are very distinct, and 
veiy handsome. 
Campanula carpatica, (Carpathian Bell- 
flower.) — The stem is branching ; the root 
leaves roundish, oval, toothed ; the flowers 
solitary, both terminal and axillai'y ; large, 
light blue, showy ; height, nine inches. 
Flowers in July. 
*Campanulagrandis, (Grand Bell-flower.) 
— The stem of this species is erect ; the 
leaves lanceolate ; the flowers large, broad, 
blue, in a spike near the top of the stem; 
height, two feet. Flowers in July and August. 
Scarcely hardy. 
"^'Campanula speciosa, (Showy Eell- 
flower.) — The stem is erect, simple; the leaves 
linear-lanceolate ; the flowers are bell-shaped, 
deep purple, nodding ; height, two feet. 
Flowers in May and June. 
