30G 
THE CULTURE OF HARDY PERENNIALS. 
The root leaves spathulate, the stem ones 
linear lanceolate ; the flowers pale flesh- 
coloured, or white; height, one foot. Flowers 
in August. 
*Erigeron speciosum, (Showy Erigeron.) 
— The stem erect, branching; the lower leaves 
spatliulate, the upper ones acuminate ; the 
flowers purplish blue or violet-coloured ; 
height, two feet and a half. Flowers in July. 
*Eryngium Bourgati, (Cut-leaved Eryn- 
gium.) — The root-leaves are orbicular, three- 
parted, the lobes pinnatifid ; the stem simple, 
only partially branched at the top ; the invo- 
lucre (a circle of leaf-like bracts) is composed 
of from ten to twelve lanceolate, sharp-pointed 
leaflets, beneath the ovate head of spiny- 
looking blossoms, which is pale blue; height, 
two feet. Flowers in July. 
*Eryngium alpinum, (Alpine Eryngium.) 
The root leaves are cordate, the upper ones 
palmate; the stem is erect, slightly branching, 
and bearing oblong heads of blue spiny- 
looking flowers, beneath which is the invo- 
lucre, composed of from ten to twenty 
leaflets; height, one foot and a half. Flowers 
in July. 
Eryngium planum, (Plane-leaved Eryn- 
gium.) — The root leaves are oblong, cordate; 
the upper ones five-parted ; the stem is erect, 
corymbosely branched at the top ; the spiny- 
heads of flowers are light blue, above an invo- 
lucrum of from six to seven lanceolate leaflets; 
height, three feet. Flowers in July. 
* Erythronium dens-canis, (Common 
Dog's-tooth Violet.) — The leaves oval, pointed, 
spotted with brown; the flowers purple ; seg- 
ments reflexed from the base; height, three 
inches. Flowers in April. There is a white 
variety. 
Erythronium americanum, (American 
Dog's-tooth Violet.) — The leaves lanceolate; 
the flowers larger than the last, segments 
partially reflexed, yellow; height, three inches. 
Flowers in April. 
*fERYTHRONIUM GRANDIFLORUM, (Large- 
flowered Dog's-tooth Violet.) — The leaves 
oblong lanceolate ; the flowers large yellow, 
segments reflexed from near the base; height, 
six inches. Flowers in May. 
*Euphorbia Cyparissias, (Cypress Spurge.) 
— This is an erect plant, with narrow lanceo- 
late leaves, and bearing a many-forked umbel 
of numerous pretty greenish-yellow bracts 
(not flowers, the flowers being quite incon- 
spicuous); height, one foot and a half. Flowei's 
in June. 
Euphorbia amygdaloides, (Almond-leaved 
Spurge.) — This has obtuse oval leaves, and a 
many-forked umbel of greenish bracts; height, 
two feet. Flowers in April and May. There 
is a variety with variegated leaves, which is 
Very ornamental. 
*Frittilaria imperialis, (Crown Impe- 
rial.) — This has a bulbous root, lanceolate 
leaves, and an upright stem, with a tuft of 
drooping flowers, surmounted by a crown of 
green leaves : there are varieties with yellow 
flowers, and several shades of red and orange; 
height, three feet. Flowers in April. 
Frittilaria lutea, (Yellow-flowered Frit- 
tilary.) — Bulbous; the leaves linear lanceolate; 
the flowers yellow, drooping, bell-shaped, soli- 
taiy, at the top of the stem; height, one foot. 
Flowers in April. 
*Frittilaria pyrenaica, (Pyrenean Frit- 
tilary.) — Bulbous ; the leaves are linear ; the 
flowers are axillary, dark purple ; height, one 
foot and a half. Flowers in June. 
Frittilaria meleagris, (Chequered Frit- 
tilary.) — Bulbous; the leaves are linear; the 
stem erect, bearing one drooping, purple, che- 
quered flower ; height, one foot. Flowers in 
April and May. 
*Frittilaria precox, (Early Frittilary.) 
— This has been considered a variety of the 
last; it has white flowers. Flowers in April 
and May. 
*Funkia japonica, (Japan Funkia.) — The 
leaves are subcordate, acuminate ; the flowers 
in a loose spike, white, funnel-shaped; height, 
one foot. Flowers in August. 
Funkia ovata, (Ovate-leaved Funkia.) — ■ 
This has ovate acuminate leaves ; the flowers 
are blue ; height, one foot and a half. Flowers 
in May. 
*|Funkia Sieboldtiana, (Sieboldt's Fun- 
kia.) — 'The leaves large, ovate acuminate; the 
flowers lilac, funnel-shaped, drooping, on an 
erect stem; height, one foot. Flowers in June. 
*fFuNKiA albo-marginata, (White-mar- 
gined-leaved Funkia.) — The leaves are ovate 
lanceolate, edged with white; the flowers lilac; 
height, one foot and a half. Flowers in July. 
Gaillardia aristata, (Bearded Gaillar- 
dia.) — This has tufted ovate leaves, and an 
erect branched flower stem, bearing large deep 
yellow flowers, with a brownish purple disk or 
centre; height, one foot and a half. Flowers 
in August. 
*Gaillardia bicolor, (Two-coloured G ail- 
lardia.) — A good deal like the last; but the 
flowers are yellow, with an orange-coloured 
centre, and a portion of the petals (or liguke) 
next the base, also orange-coloured ; both are 
very showy plants ; height, one foot and a 
half. Flowers in August. 
Galanthus nivalis, (Common Snowdrop.) 
— Bulbous; this has narrow leaves, and droop- 
ing, white, well-known flowers. Flowers in 
February and March. 
Galanthus plicatus, (Plaited Snowdrop.) 
— Bulbous; this has broad obtuse leaves, and 
white flowers, much like the last; height, six 
inches. Flowers in February and March. 
