THE CRATAEGUS, OR THE THORNS 
J>33 
15 ft. to 20 ft. high, and is remarkable for its 
large yellow fruit, which are not bad eating. 
It comes early into leaf, and opens its medium 
sized white flowers about the end of May, 
three or four only being borne together in a 
bunch. The leaves arc deeply cut. It is also 
called C. fissa. 
C. tanacetifolia, Persoon. (The tansy- 
leaved Thorn.) — A native of the East. A 
robust growing fastigiate tree, with upright 
rigid branches, not unfrequently terminating 
in indurated or thorny points. The leaves 
are much and deeply cut or divided. The 
flowers are large, white, in few flowered 
bunches, produced in May and June, and are 
succeeded by globular yellowish-green fruit, 
which are among the largest of the genus. 
This species is one of the latest in coming 
into leaf. It is also called C. pinnata. There 
are two varieties cultivated. 
C. tanacetifolia glabra, Loddiges. — A hy- 
brid between C. tanacetifolia and C. Oxyacan- 
tha, introduced from Germany ; it differs 
principally in having shining leaves, andreddish 
yellow fruit, about half the size of the species. 
■ C. tanacetifolia Celsiana, Arb. Britt. — This 
variety somewhat resembles C. orientalis, 
but the leaves are larger, and the tree more 
robust and fastigiate. The flowers are 
white, produced in large dense bunches, in 
June : the fruit are large and yellow. It 
forms a splendid tree. Called also G. incisa, 
and C. tauacetitblia Leeana. 
C. Maroccana, Persoon. (The Mo- 
rocco Thorn.) — A native of Palestine on 
Mount Sinai, and of Morocco. — A handsome 
tree of more fastigiate growth than C. Aza- 
rolus, but in other respects resembling that 
species, except in being smaller in all its 
parts. The leaves are three lobed, produced 
very early, even in January if the season is 
mild, and retained very late. The flowers, 
in rather small bunches, are pure white, very 
fragrant, and produced in May and June. The 
fruit are yellowish red. One of the handsomest 
trees of the genus, growing 15 ft. or 25 ft. high. 
C. Azarolus, Linnaeus. (The Azarole 
Thorn.) — A native of woods and rough places 
in the south of France, and in Italy. The 
habit of this kind is strictly tree -like, growing 
from 15 ft. to 20 ft. high, and having a trunk 
more or less clothed with branches to within 
three or four feet of the ground. The branches 
are rather spreading, forming, however, for the 
most part, a tolerably round-headed tree ; and 
they are furnished thickly with smaller twigs, 
or spray. The leaves are downy, three cleft, 
and wedge-shaped at the base. The flowers 
small, white, in small bunches, produced during 
May and June, and succeeded by large, round, 
scarlet fruit. There are six varieties known 
on the continent. 
C. orientalis, Bosc. " (Tlie eastern 
Thorn.) — A native of the Levant. It forms 
a low spreading tree, from 15 ft. to 20ft. high, 
with loose, rather pendulous, very hoary 
branches. The leaves are deeply cut, pro- 
duced late in the season, as also are the large 
white flowers, which are borne in small bunches 
in May and June. The fruit are large and 
numerous, of a yellowish red, or coral colour, 
and are very agreeable to the taste ; the pro- 
fusion in which they are borne, and their 
brilliancy of colouring, render this tree very 
ornamental when in fruit. It is also called 
C. odoratissima, and C. tanacetifolia taurica. 
C. orientalis sanguined, Arb. Britt. — A 
variety of the last with purplish red fruit. 
It is a native of the countries bordering on 
the Black Sea. Also known as C. san- 
guinea, and C. orientalis of Lindley. It is 
one of the handsomest kinds. 
Div. 2. Leaves, nearly entire, or lobed. 
Spines, few, and rather large. Fruit, large, 
yellow. 
C. mexicana, Mocino. (The Mexican 
Thorn.) — A native of'the table lands of Mexico. 
This species is evergreen when planted against 
a wall, and sub-evergreen in most situations 
when growing exposed in the climate of London. 
It is a vigorous grower, forming a low tree, 
10 ft. to 15 ft. high, of rather a spreading habit. 
The leaves are oval-lanceolate. The flowers 
are large, white, produced in June, in large 
dense bunches, and succeeded by large pale 
green, or yellowish fruit, resembling a small 
apple, but hardly palatable. In sheltered 
situations, they remain on the trees with the 
leaves during the winter. It is known also as 
C. stipulacea, and C. Lambertiana. 
§ IV. CocciNEiE ; or, those species which 
agree in general characters with Cratcegus 
coccinea. 
Div. 1. Leaves, lobed, large, serrated. 
Spines, large. Fruit, large, numerous. 
C. coccinea, Linnasus. (The scarlet- 
fruited Thorn.) — A native of North America, 
from Canada to Carolina, in hedges and woods. 
It forms a small tree, growing about 20 ft. 
high. The general habit is rather fastigiate ; 
but in some instances more or less spreading ; 
in aged plants, the spines generally disappear. 
The leaves are cordate-ovate, with angular 
lobes. The large white flowers are produced 
in small bunches in May and June. The fruit 
are large, scarlet, and eatable. Like the com- 
mon hawthorn, the seedling varieties are 
numerous; some of the most prominent of them 
are the following: — 
C. coccinea maxima,, Loddiges. — Has larger 
leaves than any other kind, and large red fruit: 
the habit is spreading. It is also called C. 
coccinea spinosa, and C. acerifolia. 
C. coccinea corallina, Loddiges. — The leaves 
