mACTICAL GARDENING. 
ovate. The flowers small, white, in small 
hunches, during May and June. The fruit 
are red. It is also called C. caroliniana. 
§ VI. Parvifoli;e ; or, those species which 
agree in general characters with C'ratcsgus 
pcwc/foUa. 
Leaves, small, finely lohcd or serrated. 
Spines, small, and not numerous. Fruit, 
small and hard. 
C. parvifolia, Aiton. (The small leaved 
Thorn.) — A native of sandy shady woods, 
from New Jersey to Carolina. It is a low 
shrub, from 4 ft. to 6 ft. high, of dwarf rigid 
habit, with small oval lanceolate leaves, and 
flowers produced almost singly at the ends of 
the twigs, late in May and in June. The 
flowers are small and white. The fruit com- 
paratively large, yellowish green. It has 
many other names, as C viridis, C. florida, 
C. axillaris, C. uniflora, C. grossularifolia, and 
C linearis ; the different states of the plants 
which give rise to these several names being 
not unfrequently found on the same plant. 
C. vieginica, Loddiges. (The Virginian 
Thorn.) — A native of Virginia. A low shrub, 
only 4 ft. or 5 ft. high, with small obovate, 
cuneate leaves, and producing but few of its 
white flowers at the end of its shoots in May 
and June. The fruit are round and green. 
It resembles what is called C. spathulata. 
C. flava, Aiton. (The yellow-fruited 
Thorn.) — A native of North America, from 
Virginia to Carolina. A large, rapid growing, 
spreading tree, from 15 ft. to 20 ft. high, re- 
markable for its rough bark, and the horizontal 
tendency of its branches. The leaves are 
obovate, wedge-shaped. The flowers, i i 
solitary, large and white, produced in May ; 
the fruit are yellow, or yellowish green, and 
top shaped. It is also called C. caroliniana, 
and C. flavissima. 
C. jlaca lolata. — Supposed to be an ' 
of America. Much resembles the last, bill 
bears its white flowers in loose corymbs in 
May. The fruit are green. It is called also, 
C. lutea, and C. lobata. 
C.flava trilobata. — A hybrid, withspri 
ing habit, resembling C. flava, but with 
branches less vigorous and more thorny. 
The leaves are ovate-cuneate. The flowers 
are produced in bunches of considerable 
size. The fruit are yellow, tinged with red. 
Called also C. spinosissima. 
Besides those we have included in our 
arrangement, there is an evergreen species 
called C. Pyracautha, or the fiery Thorn, which 
is often seen growing against the fronts of 
dwelling-houses, and presenting a very beauti- 
ful appearance in consequence of its large 
dense masses of deep orange, or flame-coloured 
berries, intermixed with its dark green leaves. 
Its spreading, rather straggling habit renders 
it very suitable to be introduced for the pur- 
pose of training against the wall of a house, or 
other building ; when planted otherwise it 
forms a handsome evergreen bush, from 4 if. 
to 6 ft. in height ; and if grafted standard high, 
it will form a most desirable evergreen low 
tree. In either situation it is perfectly 
hardy. 
PRACTICAL GARDENING. 
OPERATIONS FOR DECEMBER. 
There is hardly any month in the year in 
which the garden looks so deplorable as in 
December, unless the proper steps are taken 
to prevent it ; and this is too often neglected 
for want of excitement. To the superficial 
gardener, the charms of the place are gone as 
soon as a severe frost cuts off all the flowers 
and leaves of the annuals and deciduous plants. 
Shooting, fishing, and fifty other things in 
season, engage his attention. He cares no- 
thing more until sunny days and opening 
spring-flowers remind him of spring, and of 
dressing up his garden. Such a person must 
not be called even an amateur gardener. 
There is no good reason why the garden 
should not be as neat and as clean in winter 
as in summer ; hence the necessity of raking 
off all fallen leaves from every part of an 
establishment, and getting them together in a 
heap, where they may rot into mould, or be 
used to ferment in a hot-bed or pit. Again, 
the decaying vegetation of all kinds should 
be removed ; the remains of crops that are 
done with ; the stems and half decayed leaves 
of flowers that have left off blooming, and all 
other useless subjects, should be removed. All 
sticks, and other supports of flowers or vege- 
tables, should be collected and placed where 
they may be saved till they are wanted again, 
or burned. Whatever ground is idle, should 
nevertheless be clean and neat, and either left 
in ridges or rough dug, to take the benefit of 
any frost that may occur during the winter 
months, or until the place is required for 
seeds, or flowers, or plants, to fill it up. The 
paths of the kitchen garden, and the walks 
and roads in the flower garden and shrubbery, 
should be rolled with heavj" rollers, as fre- 
quently as convenient, all the time the 
weather remains damp ; and especially after 
every frost, which will always be found to 
disturb the surface and make it rotten. 
Wherever there are trees in the way, take 
them up, or throw them, and cut them into 
