North American Cyjjeracece. 327 
S. exaltatus, Pursh! Ji. I. \u 56 ; Elliotl, sk. 1. p. S7; Ram. S^'Schult. 
syst. 2. p. 143. 
Culm 2 — 4 leet high, obtusely triangular below, acutely angular above. 
Leaves nearly half an inch broad, as tall as the umbel, scabrous on the 
margin. Umbel twice, and sometimes thrice, compounded ; the princi- 
pal rays about 5, three inches or more in length, compressed and angular, 
with truncate ochreEe at the base. Spikes rather longer than in the 
])receding species. Scales carinate, generally of a brownish colour* 
when old slightly acute and mucronate. Bristles 6, slender, flexuous 
and somewhat crisped, retrorsely pubescent, nearly twice as long as the 
nut. Stamens 3>. Nut obovate, abruptly acuminated, the point very 
short, whitish, flat on the back, convex, or very obtusely angular in 
front, minutely papillose. 
Hab. Swamps, and border? of ponds; mostly in shady 
places. Near New York, and in New Jersey ! ; Deerfield, 
Massachusetts, Prof. Jiitclicock and Dr. Cooley ! ; Pennsyl- 
sylvania, Muhlenberg ! 
/3. vicijyariis. Ctdm very tall and somewhat climbing; um- 
bels viviparous, bearing flowers at the base of the branches. 
,S. exaltatus, /3. viviparus, Pursh, 1. c. 
Obs. This variety I have not met with. Pursh remarks 
that it frequently attains the height of ten feet and upwards. 
; . crispus. Spike ovate ; scales orbicular-ovate, with a 
very short and abrupt point, somewhat mucronate ; bristles 
much crisped and contorted, but (when extended) three times 
as long as the nut, scabrous above, smooth below; nut obovate, 
short pointed, compressed, obtusely angular in front. 
Hab. Near New York t (The precise locality not re- 
corded.) 
Obs. 1 am by no means certain that I have described the 
iS. atrovircns and S. hrunneus so accurately that they can always 
be distinguished ; neither am I positive that they are really 
distinct. The former is generally known by the dark green 
colour of its foliage and spikes, its more simple umbel with one 
or two of the rays elongated and nearly erect, and its denser 
Vol. III. 42 
