ON FARM GARDENING. 45 
The rows should be 4 feet apart, and the plants 2^/2 feet 
apart in the rows. These distances favor good cultivation 
and quick growth. In some parts of New England the seed 
is sown in the open field, in rows where the cabbage is to 
grow, but the practice of transplanting from seedbeds is 
found most satisfactory. 
The rainfall here usually insures a fair crop of cabbage, 
but any crop which requires transplanting in midsummer is 
liable to delay or injury in case of protracted dry weather. 
Hence, irrigation is desirable. At the distances just recom- 
mended for planting (4 x 2^ feet) there would be 4,356 plants 
to the acre. In the case of such varieties as Johnson & Stokes' 
Earliest and Jersey Wakefield cabbage, where the number 
of plants per acre would be perhaps 10,000, the Michigan 
Experiment Station obtained 5,000 more marketable heads 
per acre under irrigation than where water was not used 
upon the growing crop. (This fact is mentioned in a book 
on irrigation just issued by the publishers of this book). 
Varieties — The earliest varieties of cabbage have small, 
conical heads; the midsummer sorts mostly round heads; and 
the late or drumhead sorts have larp-e, flat heads. There are 
cabbages which never head; as, for instance, the collards of 
the South; and there are varieties of crinkled-leaf cabbages, 
known as the Savoy types. The kales are closely related to 
the cabbages. Both cabbages and kales have purple-colored 
forms, sometimes called red forms. 
Cultivation. — Thorough horse cultivation between the 
rows should be supplemented by a hand-hoe between the 
plants in the rows. The cultivation must be good and con- 
tinuous until the heads begin to form. 
Diseases and Insects Enemies — Club root has been 
mentioned. It is a fungous trouble. The best remedy is 
new ground. The black flea on very young plants can be 
conquered with air-slacked lime or wood ashes. The cut 
