ON FARM GARDENING. 107 
tian or top onion. It produces bulbs or sets at the top of the 
seed-stalk. 
The potato or multiplier onion divides its large bulb 
into numerous small ones, which in turn produce large 
onions the next year. 
Diseases and Enemies. — To prevent maggot, the use of 
kainit is recommended; 600 pounds per acre. For onion 
smut, which may in part be cured by the kainit, the best 
known remedy is a change of soil. Thrip, which causes the 
cuticle of the leaves to become covered with whitish or 
yellowish spots, is best treated by means of kerosene emul- 
sion, used as a spray. The onion fly may, in part, at least, 
be abated by the use of equal parts of wood ashes and land 
plaster dusted very thoroughly on the young plants. Stiff- 
necked onions, often called stags, are the result either of 
improper growth or poor stock. They are sometimes planted 
in autumn for use as scallions (scullions) the following 
spring. 
Marketing — Onions are sometimes sold in the open 
field; a good plan when a fair price can be secured. After 
curing, as already described, they are usually sold by the 
bushel or barrel. They are always in demand, as the onion 
is a standard article of human food. 
In the green state they are sold either by measure, by 
the bunch, or by the rope. The latter method consists in 
tying the onions along wisps of straw. 
Scallions. — No small amount of money is expended by 
housekeepers in the early spring markets for scallions (scul- 
lions), or bunched onion shoots. These tender shoots are 
washed, tied and sold for 3 to 5 cents per bunch, retail, or 
half those figures wholesale. Scallions are produced from 
either sets or large onions planted the preceding autumn, 
and sheltered either by frames or litter, so as to encourage 
early spring growth. 
