120 JOHNSON & STOKES 
The Cold Frame The cold frame is merely a piece of 
rich, mellow soil, enclosed by boards and covered with glass. 
There is no bottom heat of any kind, but it is a great deal 
warmer than the open soil, and serves a variety of purposes. 
In the hot-bed, made in February or March (in the lati- 
tude of Philadelphia), all tender things may be started. The 
usual seeds sown here at that date on heat are cabbage, 
cauliflower, radish, lettuce, onions, etc., followed by tomato, 
pepper, celery, egg plant, etc., including flower seeds, if 
desired. 
The cold frame is used through the winter for lettuce, 
onions, carrots, corn salad, spinach, etc., and in spring for 
the reception of the things started on heat, when the time 
arrives for transplanting and hardening them. 
Properly-managed sashes will do a great deal toward the 
production of early market crops, and profits not infrequently 
depend upon the item of earliness. 
The one thing for inexperienced persons to learn about 
sashes and their uses is the imperative necessity of free venti- 
lation whenever the sun shines on the glass. 
