47 
break so much of the solid parts of the seeds as remain behind, 
upon the filter, with water as before. Repeat this process un- 
til you have made an emulsion, which may be supposed to con- 
tain all the oily matter of the seeds. Put the emulsion in a pan, 
upon a gentle fire, and at the heat of 212° the water will rapid- 
ly evaporate; and when wholly dissipated, will leave behind it 
a J)asty mass, consisting of the oil, combined with so much of 
the solid portion of the seeds as may have passed through the 
filter. This mass, if allowed to remain in the pan, upon the 
fire, will gradually separate into two portions, one being the so- 
lid matter of the seeds, and the other the oil, which may be re- 
moved in a perfectly limped state, with a spoon, or separated 
by straining. Cold-drawn is a term frequently applied to oil; 
very few sorts, however, are so obtained. 
S6 Protection of Wall Trees. In the variable climate of 
Great Britain it is well known that the blossoms and young 
fruit of trees, trained against walls, are always liable to injury 
from spring frosts, whereby the fondest hopes of the horticul- 
turist are oftentimes totally annihilated. Various modes of 
spring protection have been invented, and almost every method 
has its advocates. We shall ex|)lain some of them, and leave 
our readers to adopt such as circumstances shall dictate. 3Ir. 
D. Cameron’s method* of protection is to place long boughs 
of birch against the tree; first cut- 
ting otf the strongest projecting 
branches from one side of them, 
to admit their being placed more 
closely against the trees; then fas- 
ten them by a few shreds, to the 
wall, spread their branches regu- 
larly, and fasten these also, where requisite. Afterwards, ex- 
tend cords along the wall, as represented by the annexed figure, 
confining the nails at intervals of five or six feet. As a few va- 
cancies will occur, these should be filled up by the small branch- 
es first cut off. Mr. Cameron justly observes that this method 
jirevents a current of cold air circulating against the fruit trees, 
which some methods of protection do not obviate. If the boughs 
are gathered about 3Iidsumraer and laiil by, they will retain 
their foliage, and prove the more efficient. Another method, 
probably more convenient to many persons, inasmuch as straw 
* Gard, Mag. \ol. 7 - 
124. AUCTARIUM. 
