6 
any part required. The whole is of copper. It is so simple in 
detail, that no minor directions are required. The hot water 
circulates freely through the pipes, in the direction shown by the 
little arrows, and diffuses a general warmth in those j)arts of the 
room, which must, otherwise, inevitably be coldest. It may be 
fixed to any grate. N othing is seen in the room but the lattice 
work before the pipes, which admits the escape of the hot air. 
Of course, it is only required to carry the pipes on the other 
side of the wall, either to heat another room, a hall, or a green 
house, as circumstances may require. 
13 Propagation by Layers. A method of layering, mentioned 
by Mr. Main, in his Vegetable Physiology, is found particu- 
larly successful in the propagation of some flowering shrubs, 
viz. the shoot, to be layered, has circular incisions made above 
and below each bud, along its whole length ; it is then pegged 
down on the surface of the ground, and lightly covered with a 
sandy compost. Each bud will produce a shoot rising erectly 
in the air, and root fibres being at the same time ejected from 
the incisions, independent plants, separable in the autumn, are 
soon formed. The long sucker-like shoots of rose trees are well 
calculated for this mode of propagation; and as some sorts of 
these eject roots sooner from young than from old wood, jirac- 
titioners omit ringing the bark, and wait till the young shoots 
produced from the layers are five or six inches long: a tongue 
incision is then made at the bottom of each, and embedded in 
sand, they readily make roots; the old layer remaining to pro- 
duce other shoots, which may be struck in like manner. 
14 Raspberries in succession. The young stems of raspberries, 
which shoot up in the summer of one year, produce their fruit 
in the following year. If such young stems be cut down, in 
February, to within three or four inches of the ground, in lieu 
of leaving them nearly their full height, it will so retard their 
flowering, that their fruit will not be ripened till autumn. They 
should not be subjected to this tieatment two years together. 
15 Annuals rendered Perennial. Many annuals may be pre- 
served through winter, in a green-house, by striking cuttings of 
them, in August or September. The Chrysanthemum corona- 
rium, Clarkia, Collinsia, Stocks, and many others, may be men- 
tioned. The advantage obtained, is their early flowering, and 
the jireservation of superior varieties. 
