97 
a hoop of the proper size placed within the shoots, and to which 
the latter are tied in star-like order, and at equal twelve-inch 
distances. Such a laterally curving position may be much 
assisted and caused by a careful primer, always cutting at an 
outside bud, which, when grown sufficiently far outwards, natu- 
rally turn up to form the permanent branches. The points of 
the branches are allowed to rise to the height of six feet, but 
never higher; and the middle of the tree is always kept free 
from shoots and branches, so that a well-trained head resembles 
a large bowl.” 
135 Filberts; Productive pruning. “The subsequent ma- 
nagement of the trees, both while gaining the desired form, and 
after having gained it, consists in preserving all the short spurs 
which will be produced on the branches, and cutting away or 
shortening the laterals which every year rise from the same. 
The management of these laterals is of great consequence. If 
they exceed the length of six inches, they may he cut back to a 
few buds ; but if less, they should be preserved, as their points 
iue generally fruitful. The grand object with the primer is to 
have the branches thickly beset w ith fruitful spurs, and which 
are only reduced in length, when, after a few years’ growth, 
they become too distant from the branch, when they are cut 
back to a healthy spur behind. If any part of the branch be- 
comes accidentally naked, a strong shoot from the bottom may 
be led up, and managed so as to fill up the vacancy. When 
Filbert Trees are thus managed, and have arrived at their full 
volume in width and height, they may be kept in the same state 
for many years — say twenty or thirty — l>y the knife only, and 
with the requisite skill in using it. The practical example 
set us by the Maidstone jnuners confirms two very essential 
principles in the art of gardening, viz. that by counteracting the 
natural tendencies of a plant, it may be dw arfed, and by thus 
dwarfing, making it more fruitful. The Filbert Tree is so con- 
stituted, that it is ever extending itself by throwing up a multi- 
plicity of suckers, which exhaust the bearing branches and 
render them sterile ; but denying the plant its tendency to in- 
crease itself by suckers, promotes its energy to increase itself 
by seeds.” 
13G Plants, Slips, and Flowers to revive. Most persons 
have heard of Camphor water as a stimulant to faded plants 
149 ADCTAKIUM. 
