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these are particularly convenient for matting up currants or other 
fruits required to be kept on the trees alter the regular season. 
The best form of a garden is a square, or long square, with 
the angles rounded. The centre ol' the northward wall is the 
])lace for hothouses, if any be built. The borders, for wall fruit, 
should not be less than twelve feet wide; and if the bottom be 
liard and dry (and if not it should be first made so), a depth of 
eighteen inches of good fresh soil w ill be sufficient I'or any kind 
of tree. These borders should never be cropped with rank- 
growing vegetables ; nor ever dug deeply, but w ith a blunt-tined 
fork. In dry summer weather, the surface of these borders 
should be kept moderately moist, by inulcbing and occasional 
waterings; and lre(juent!y sprinkled with soot, to deter insects 
from nestling in the ground or on the trees. There have been, 
in former times, many fanciful ideas entertained respecting the 
best directions or lines in which garden walls should be built. 
Some projectors advised, that they should be built in a zigzag 
form, to obtain a greater variety of aspect, by means of which 
they expected the fruit season would be prolonged. Others 
embracing the same principle, advised the garden wall to be 
built circular; in order to meet the direct rays of the sun in 
every hour of the day. Others again advised the south walls 
to be built straight, but with (at short intervals) segments of 
circles bowing backwards, to form recesses for every tree. All 
this was contrived with a view to obtain a greater variety of the 
effects of light, or greater shelter from the withering winds of 
March. These notions, however, are all now forgotten ; expe- 
rience proving, that these fantastically built walls created so 
many eddies and sudden gusts of wind, that, instead of genial 
warmth and quiet shelter, they caused cold and bleakness. Hot 
walls, that is, walls heated by internal smoke flues, have been 
extensively built in the North of England and Scotland; but 
without some other covering over the trees, to keep in the heat 
and protect the excited dowers from sudden changes of weather, 
the trees seldom bear an earlier crop than those on the common 
walls. Such structures are therefore not so much in fashion as 
formerly, as a very little more additional expense will build a 
proper forcing house that may be dej)ended upon. For the per- 
fectly ripening of late French pears, hot walls have been often 
found useful ; but for which purpose alone, they are seldom built. 
