155 
arise, because, if the trees be trained on Mr. Hoare’s principle, 
as detailed under section 94 of the Auctariura, the mutilated 
stems would l)e wholly cut away as soon as the fruit on them 
had been matured. We recommend every person possessing 
Vines to aim at combining these advantages. 
166 Waterproof Canvass. As gardening operations may fre- 
quently be much assisted by waterproof canvass, we copy the 
following directions for preparing it from the French of Farri- 
mann and Thilly, as translated in the fifth volume of the Tech- 
nical Repository. “ To lOOlbs. of the best linseed oil add 1 -/lbs. 
of acetate of lead, lllbs. of calcined umber, l|lbs. of white- 
lead, and lilbs. of very finely-powdered pumice stone. These 
solid suhstances, well ground and mixed together, must be 
boiled in the oil for ten hours, over a moderate fire, to prevent 
the oil from burning. This varnish should be of such a con- 
sistence, that, when mixed with a third part of its weight of 
|)ipe-clay, it should be as thick as treacle. It should be left to 
settle eight days, and then passed through a lawn sieve. Then 
grind in a solution of strong and clear glue, as much pipe-clay 
as amounts in weight to the tenth part of the oil employed, 
and mix to the consistence of ointment; adding the varnish by 
degrees, and stirring it well with a wooden spatula. This varnish 
must be repeatedly stirred, till it l)ecomes ])erfectly fluid ; and 
then the desired tint is given l>y adding a fourth part of the 
colour ground in oil. The linen must be stretched upon a 
wooden frame; and the composition apj)lied upon it, with a 
large spatula, three inches broad and nine inches long. The 
frame, then, must be inverted, and the operation repeated upon 
the other side of the cloth; it is then to be left to dry for a 
week, and separated from the frame for use. This cloth may 
be used for riding hoods, covers for carriages, &c.” 
!67 Fruit, ITS Change of Character. The following obser- 
vations of a late assistant to the London Horticultural Society, 
inserted in the fifth volume of its Transactions, are such as 
should be known to the fruit grower, and will be interesting to 
the Physiologist. “In the course of the two last seasons, sev- 
eral specimens of fruits came within my observation, in which 
a deviation from their ti ue character was very perceptible. In 
remarking on the evident intermixture of colour, form, and fla- 
vour, which some of these fruits presented, I did not hesitate 
178 ItJCTAEIUM. 
