5 
18,000; as many as 50 having been taken from one turnip. 
Thus, at the expense of only 1/. 2s. 6d., an acre and a half of 
turnips, worth from 5/. to 11 ., or more, was saved ; while, as the 
boys could each collect 600 per day, thirty days’ employment 
was given to them at 9d. per day, which they would not other- 
wise have had.’ ” 
We shall, at a future opportunity, recur to the important sub- 
ject of Insects, which are injurious to vegetation, seeing that so 
much of the success of gardening is dependent on due attention to 
the best means of preventing the ravages of some of the smaller 
enemies of the cultivator. 
224 Apple-trees, their Duration. The cultivation of the 
various species of fruits, which now so much occupies the atten- 
tion of horticulturists in every part of Europe, is becoming more 
and more a scientific pursuit, and its importance every where 
acknowledged. We, therefore, intend occasionally to give the 
opinions, and detail the practice, of eminent fruit growers, and 
also extracts from the writings of those authors whose experi- 
rience has rendered them worthy of record. The very first 
amongst such authors we rank the late president of the Horti- 
cultural Society — Thomas Andrew Knight ; whose numerous 
experiments, carried out as they were by industry and acuteness 
of observation, have advanced this department of horticulture 
in a greater degree than have the labours of any other indi- 
vidual. His treatise on the Apple and Pear contains much 
curious as well as important information, and from this we will 
copy some of tlie leading portions of his theories, and their 
practical elucidations. 'Fhese, we are quite sure, may be made 
advantageous to our readers, whether they cultivate ten acres, 
or only the tenth of one acre ; for the one portion as well as the 
other is available for the cultivation of the most useful of all 
fruits — the Apple and Pear. 
“The Apple is not the natural produce of any soil or climate, 
but owes its existence to human art and industry ; and differs 
from the crab, which is a native of every part of England, only 
in the changes which cultivation has produced in it. The first 
varieties which were cultivated in England were, no doubt, im- 
ported from the continent ; but at what period is not, I believe, 
known. Many were introduced by a fruiterer of Henry the 
Eighth, and some at subsequent periods ; but I am inclined to 
343. AUCTARIU.M. 
