14 
iiianageineiit ; for 1 have lately succeeded most perfectly in 
rendering iny old trees very productive in every part; ami my 
young trees have almost always afforded fruit the second year 
after l)eing grafted ; and none have remained barren beyond 
the third year.” 
“ In detailing the mode of pruning and culture 1 have adopted, 
I shall probably more easily render myself intelligible, by 
describing accurately the management of a single tree each.” 
“An old St. Germain pear-tree, of the spurious kind, had 
been trained in the fan form, against a north-west wall in my 
garden, and the central branches, as usually happens in old 
trees thus trained, had long reached the top of the wall, and 
had become wholly unproductive. The other branches afforded 
but very little fruit, and that never acquiring maturity, was 
consequently of no value ; so that it was necessary to change 
the variety, as well as to render the tree productive.” 
“ To attain these purposes, every branch which did not want 
at least twenty degrees of being perpendicular, was taken out 
at its base; and the spurs upon every other branch, which I 
intended to retain, were taken off closely with the saw and 
chisel. Into these branches, at their subdivisions, grafts were 
inserted at diffeient distances from the root, and some so near 
the extremities of the branches, that the tree extended as widely 
in the autumn, after it was grafted, as it did in the preceding 
year. The grafts were also so disposed, that every part of the 
space the tree previously covered, was equally well supplied 
with young wood.” 
“As soon, in the succeeding summer, as the young shoots 
had attained sufficient length, they were trained almost perpen- 
dicularly downwards, between the larger branches, and the wall, 
to which they were nailed. The most perpendicular remaining 
branch upon each side, was grafted about lour feet below the 
top of the wall, which is twelve feet high ; and the young shoots, 
which the grafts upon these afforded, were trained inwards, and 
bent down to occupy the space from which the old central 
branches had been taken away; and therefore very little vacant 
space anywhere remained in the end of the first autumn. A 
few blossoms, but not any fruit, were produced by several of the 
grafts in the succeeding spring; but in the following year, and 
subsequently, 1 have had abundant crops, equally dispersed 
