15 
over every part of the tree; and I have scarcely ever seen such 
an exuberance of blossom as this tree presents in the present 
spring. Grafts of eight different kinds of pears had been in- 
serted, and all afforded fruit, and almost in equal abundance. 
By this mode of training, the bearing branches being small and 
short, may be changed every three or four years, till the tree is 
a century old, without the loss of a single crop ; and the cen- 
tral part, which is unproductive in every other mode of training, 
becomes the most fruitful. I proceed to the rnanagement of 
young trees.” 
"A young pear stock, which had two lateral branches upon 
each side, and was about six feet high, was planted against a 
wall early in the spring; and it was grafted in each of its 
lateral branches, two of which sprang out of the stem about 
four feet from the ground, and the others at its summit, in the 
following year. The shoots these grafts produced, when about 
a foot long, were trained downwards, as in the preceeding 
experiment, the undermost nearly perpendicularly, and the 
uppermost just below the horizontal line, placing them at such 
distances, that the leaves of one shoot did not at all shade those 
of another. In the next year, the same mode of training was 
continued, and in the following, I obtained an abundant crop of 
fruit, and the tree is again heavily loaded witl) blossoms.” 
“ This mode of training was first applied to the Aston-Town 
pear, which rarely produces fruit till six or seven years after the 
trees have been grafted; and from this variety and the Colmar, I 
have not obtained fruit till the grafts have been three years 
old.” 
“ In the future treatment of my young pear-trees it is my in- 
tention to give them very nearly the form of the old tree I have 
described, in every respect, except that these will necessarily 
•Stand upon larger stems, which I think advantageous; and I 
shall not permit the existence of so great a number of large 
lateral branches. In both cases the bearing wood will depend 
wholly beneath the large branches which feed it; for it is the 
influence of gravitation upon the sap which occasions the early 
and exuberant produce of fruit.” 
“ I scarcely need add, that where, in old trees, it is not meant 
to change the variety, nothing more will be necessary than to 
take off wholly the spurs and supernumerary large branches, 
»18. ACCTARIUM. 
