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283 Fruit Trees, Training, &c. (By Mr. Errington.) Before 
proceeding to describe some of the best modes of training Fruit 
Trees, it will not, I hope, be considered superfluous to make a few 
observations of a general character; and which will be found to 
apply, less or more, to every mode which may be adopted. In- 
creased heat, free exposure to light, and economy of space, I 
presume to be the leading objects in view, under all the varieties 
of training. Now it must be obvious, that so strict a limitation of 
the branches, in artificial training, must, unless the root be held 
in check by some means, produce such a body of unnecessary 
spray, as will tend to defeat one of the purposes, and that the 
most important, with which we set out — viz., free exposure to 
light. It is therefore necessary here to remark, that no per- 
manent success can be expected, under what we may for the 
present term a dwarfing system, if the trees are planted without 
due preparation; or what is much worse, if the soil be over- 
prepared, by which I mean, too deep and too rich. I think I 
have previously shown, that the application of manures for such 
trees as the Fear, the Cherry, the Peach, &c., is quite unneces- 
sary, or rather injurious, if they are intended to undergo a 
training process, unless it be a top dressing when exhaustion 
occurs. The best plan that can be had recourse to, when 
trees are thus overcharged with juices, is either to cut away a 
portion of their roots, or to take them entirely up, and replant 
them; there is not, however, always time or convenience to 
carry out such operations. 
I will now proceed to remark on some of the best modes of 
training, jiractised at present; to examine them all would 
occupy too much space, and indeed be quite superfluous; some 
of them having no better claim to utility than many of the 
changes of fashion in a garment. 
284 Training on Walls or Fences. Two modes of trainins: 
on such structures claim [ireference to all others, on account of 
their simplicity, and the success which is known to attend them; 
these are the old fan mode, and the horizontal. The first is 
generally applied to Peaches, Plums, Cherries, and Apricots ; 
the latter to Pears. There is not the slightest reason, however, 
why the Pear should not be subject to the fan mode of training, 
which most assuredly, in a general way, excels all others. 
When the Pear is trained on the principle of tying down the 
267. AUCTAIUUM. 
