8 ] 
With regard to the winter pruning of Vines, on dwelling 
liouses, and trained on the fan principle, rather more super- 
fluous young wood has in general to be removed at the winter’s 
pruning ; in consequence of fan training being less systematic 
than the perpendicular mode. The shortening back is how- 
ever, similar; and the same precaution must be exercised with 
regard to the bearing shoots, — leaving, if possible, no two, side 
by side. 
The most important part of Vine cultivation, is the proper 
attention during the growing season ; these labours must com- 
mence with the germinating period itself. As soon as the 
young shoots expand, a selection of bearing shoots for the 
current season must take place ; and, if any vacant spaces 
threaten, shoots must occasionally be reserved, even though 
barren ones, with a view to cover the whole surface of the wall 
with a due amount of foliage. Disbudding, therefore, must be 
persisted in, until not a single shoot is left but what is requisite. 
The next process is termed “stopping,” and consists of pinch- 
ing out the terminal point of the growing shoot, an eye or two 
above the bunch of blossoms. If the wall be naked above, the 
shoot may be suffered to grow as high as necessary, and then 
stopped. 
The subsequent management now b^ '/mes reduced to the 
stopping, at frequent intervals, of all rambling spray, which 
threatens to shade the principal leaves ; for one of the main 
points is to keep the larger or first-formed leaves fully exposed 
to the light. Towards the beginning of September, or rather 
when the berries are in their last swelling, the whole of the 
mere lateral shoots, which had been frequently stopped during 
the summer, may be entirely removed: this will forsvard the 
ripening of the fruit, and assist its colouring. 
•300 The Raspberry. This is a highly useful fruit, much in re- 
quest for preserves, as well as for immediate use; and we shall 
endeavour to show how Raspberries may be obtained, for at 
least three weeks longer during the summer, than by the ordinary 
mode of cultivation. At page 36 of the Auctarium, the subject 
of soil was a chief consideration ; we shall now describe what for 
many years we have found a most successful course of practice. 
It may, however, be here repeated, that neither peculiar 
modes of training, nor top-dressing, will ensure success, unless 
281. AUCTARIUM. 
