May, 1889. 
107 
ORGHRRD 
The trees selected for school ground, 
roadside and street planting, must be such as 
are least liable to suffer from injuries, com- 
pact and symmetrical in shape, and free 
from bad odors, root-sprouting, insect pests, 
etc. Trees native to the region in which to 
be planted are more likely to succeed than 
exotics, and good nursery grown trees are 
better than those from the forest. They 
should not be too large and should be well 
furnished with fibrous roots. It is essen- 
tial that the roots be not permitted to be- 
come dry from the time of taking up until 
transplanted. Cut away cleanly the bruis- 
ed and broken roots and cut back the head 
of the tree in proportion to its amount of 
roots. In planting the tree a close contact 
of the soil with the rootlets is very essential 
and the soil should be fine and mellow to 
permit such close adjustment. The after 
care consists in mulching with any waste 
material that will aid in checking evapora- 
tion and in keeping the ground loose and 
free from weeds. The trees should then be 
staked firmly and tied to prevent them from 
being swayed by the wind. The circular 
concludes by summarizing the elements of 
success in tree planting as: 1. Trees suita- 
ble to soil and surrounding conditions; 2. 
A well developed root-system, kept in liv- 
ing condition; 3. Wide holes and mellow 
soil; 4. Firm packing of soil around the 
roots. 
Children’s Gardens. 
In every country home where there are 
children, provision should be made for them 
out-doors as well as in the house. Treat 
boys and girls alike, and give to each a lit- 
tle plot of ground for his “very own,” where 
he may raise flowers, fruits or vegetables, ac- 
cording to his taste. The size of these little 
gardens should vary according to the size 
and interest of the children ;but in every case 
it should be the child’s own possession and 
domain. He should buy the seeds or plants 
with his own money, do the work so far as 
possible himself, and have the privilege of 
giving away, selling or using the flowers, 
fruits, or vegetables, which he may raise. 
Children are naturally interested in such 
things, and if they feel that mother is 
watching their gardens and is quite as anx- 
ious about the flowers and fruits as they are. 
there is little doubt but that they will be 
successful. We take for granted that every 
mother into whose home Orchard and 
Garden enters, is interested in horticulture 
as well as in her children. Let her com- 
bine these interests this year and see if the 
results are not gratifying. 
Last year, a boy of seven was given a lit- 
tle garden with a few seeds of the mock- 
orange gourd. He bought a few flower 
seeds and with judicious advice and a lit- 
tle help, planted them all himself. During 
the summer his flowers brightened his own 
and other homes, while his gourd vines 
were a novelty and a continued delight. 
Their rapid growth and abundance of 
blossoms and fruit astonished him; and he 
found much amusement in offering the 
ripened fruit to his acquaintances, watching 
the expression of their faces when what 
they thought a juicy orange proved to be a 
hard, uneatable gourd. 
This boy soon discovered that the mock- 
orange was not the only gourd. He studied 
all the seed catalogues he could get hold of 
and soon informed his friends that there 
were two classes of gcurds; one with hard 
shells like that which he had raised, while 
the others were soft and soon decayed. 
He learned that some were useful, as the 
sugar-trouth. dish-cloth and dipper variet- 
ies. His grandmother told him of the days 
when tin was costly and the only dippers 
used in her home were made from guourds. 
Of course, in his study of catalogues, he 
learned of other things besides gourds. His 
interest in all kinds of gardening grew rap- 
idly, as well as his knowledge of flowers 
and vegetables. 
Another boy. living in a large city where he 
had only six square feet of “mother earth,” 
managed to have a succession of flowers 
during the summer as well as a little supply 
of pop corn. Other boys and girls have 
been more unselfish, and have given away 
their flowers to the poor and sick. 
The benefits which children gain from 
gardening are more numerous than would 
at first appear, and include not only ar. in- 
creased knowledge of Botany, but the abil- 
ity to invest a little money in the way to 
yield the best results; the necessity for pa- 
tience and perseverance in order to make 
anything successful; as well as the delight 
of adding to the enjoyment of acquaintan- 
ces and friends. Delicate children will 
gain in health, while girls will enjoy learn- 
ing to preserve, can, and make jelly, if 
they can practice on fruits which they 
themselves have raised. 
In this connection, have the children 
read “Mary’s Meadow,” Mrs.Ewing’s charm- 
ing story of the gardening successes and 
failures of a family of English children. — 
M. C. Rankin. 
Editorial KricflctN. 
An old English remedy for mildew on 
, young trees and shrubs is to make a strong 
decoction of elder leaves and spray it thor- 
oughly upon the infected trees. 
It seems to be pretty well agreed among 
those who have experimented in the matter 
that spraying with Paris green or London 
purple will kill the curculio and prevent its 
ravages. Should be applied early and at 
two or three times during the season. 
Planting young trees is productive of 
early and prolonged fruitfulness. It is a 
serious mistake to plant old and large trees 
in the hope of their coming sooner into 
bearing, for the younger and smaller trees 
will soon overtake them. Medium sized, 
two year old apple and pear trees are to be 
preferred, and peach trees older than one 
year are worthless. Young trees, in the 
hands of their owner, may be moulded into 
any shape desired, and branched either low 
or high as he may fancy. This cannot be 
said of those of an advanced age. 
Mr. Little of Rochester recommends kero- 
sene emulsion for the Aphis on cherries or 
apples. Whale oil soap with tobacco water 
will either not kill the aphides or, if strong 
enough, will injure the foliage. He used 
a mixture of two gallons of kerosene, one 
half pound of soap and one gallon of water. 
The latter is heated to boiling and the soap 
dissolved in it, then the kerosene added and 
the whole churned by means of a pump 
for about half an hour. It is then largely 
diluted with water and thrown in a fine 
spray all over the trees. Three men can 
spray from two to three acres of four year 
old trees in a day and clean them from the 
aphis. 
It will generally prove the most advanta- 
geous to sell fruit and market produce at 
home when a fair price can be obtained for 
it rather than ship to the city markets, as 
by so doing the freight and commission are 
saved and no risks are run. At least keep 
the poor fruit at home and dry it, can it, or 
even give it away rather than ship it, for 
even if it does not bring you in debt to the 
commission man, which it is very likely to 
do, it will damage the market, especially if 
there is a good supply at the time. 
Our Book Table. 
How to Grow Cabbages and Cauliflowers most 
Profitability J. Pederson of Denmark and G. H. How- 
ard of Long Island. How to Grow Melons for Mar- 
ket, compiled from the prize essays of J. E. Rue Jr., of 
North Carolina, J. F. Rosa of South Carolina, and Wm. 
Bailev of Ohio. How to Grow Onions by T. Greiner of 
N.J.and Col. C.H. Holt of Oregon. These books of about 
80 pages each, are edited by W. Atlee Burpee and are 
designed as manuals on the growing of Farm Garden 
Crops and to show how the farm may be rendered more 
profitable. They are well written in a practical style, 
and in addition to detailed directions for growing and 
handling the crops, there are appended full descriptive 
lists of varieties with notes thereon. We commend 
these manuals to our readers as trustworthy guides on 
the subjects of which they treat. They are published 
by W. Atlee Burpee & Co., Philadelphia, Pa., and mail- 
ed postpaid for 80 cents each. 
Sixth Annual Report of the Board of Control of 
the State Agricultural Experiment Station, Am- 
herst, Mass., 1888. C. A. Goessman, Director. 
Massachusetts StateAgricullural Experiment Sta- 
tion. Bulletin No. 33. On Commercial Fertilizers. 
Valuable for its analyses of commercial fertilizers and 
manurial substances. C. A. Goessman, Director, Am- 
herst, Mass. 
University of Illinois. Agricultural Experiment 
Station. Bulletin No. 4. Field Experiments with 
Corn, 1888. Thomas J. Bdrrill. Horticulturist and 
Botanist, Champaign, 111. 
Massachusetts Agricultural College. Annual Re- 
port of the Hatch Experiment Station. January 
1889. Au exceedingly interesting and instructive re- 
port full of important matter to the fruit grower. 
Massachusetts Agricultural College. Hatch Ex- 
periment Station. Bulletin No. 4. Division of Hor- 
ticulture. S. T. Maynard, Horticulturist, Amherst, 
Mass. 
U. S. Department of Agriculture. Experiment 
Station Bulletin No. 1. Pamphlet on the organization 
of the Agricultural Experiment Stations in the United 
States, with an introduction by the Secretary of Agri- 
culture. 
Department of Agriculture. Report ol the Statis- 
tician. Report No. 60. New Series. March 1889. 
On Distribution and Consumption of Corn and Wheat 
and on Freight Rates of Transportation Companies. J. 
R. Dodge, Statistician. 
Western New York Horticultural Society. Pro- 
ceedings of the Thirty-fourth Annual Meeting held at 
Rochester, Jan. 23 and 24, 1889. P. C. Reynolds, Sec- 
retary, Rochester, N. Y. 
