120 
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June, 1889. 
June Joltings. 
Wounds made by pruning heal quickly in 
June. Therefore if any large stubs have 
been left from the spring pruning now is 
the time to cut them off closely t > the 
trunk of the tree and they will heal over 
rapidly and nicely. Examine the trees 
that were planted in the spring and see that 
they do not loosen; keep the soil firm 
around them. In very dry weather it 
may be necessary to water young trees. Do 
so by drawing the soil away from the collar 
so as to form a basin and after watering 
thoroughly .replace the soil and cover with a 
mulch of some kind. The notes On Orchard 
care given in the May number apply 
equally to June and especially those refer- 
ring to the borer and other insect enemies. 
The plum curculio will begin to get in 
his work in June and the trees should be 
syringed with the Paris green or London 
purple mixtures in the same manner as for 
the codling moth on the apple tree or 
treate dwith the jarring process. 
Exercise care in the use of these arsenites 
and do not fail to have all the pailsand other 
utensils used for Paris green or London 
purple plainly marked Poison in large 
letters. The best antidote for Paris green 
is the hydra ten sesqui-oxide of iron, taken 
immediately. Every fruit-grower and 
farmer using these poisons should keep it on 
hand ready for instant use in case of poison- 
ing. It is quite cheap and may be had 
from any druggist. 
Slugs on Fruit Trees. 
Farmers, as a rule, seem to care very 
little for the slugs that defoliate their 
young pear trees. The leaves disappear so 
gradually that, knowing that the trees 
themselves are not immediately harmed, 
the slugs are not disturbed. But the injury 
they work is none the less real, though 
gradual. The functions of a tree cannot be 
performed without leaves. Its vitality is 
weakened and this debilitated condition 
invites insects and diseases which other- 
wise would never attack it. The fruiting 
period of young trees is greatly deferred 
also by the depredations of slugs, though 
possibly in older trees it might be hast- 
ened. — especially when the tree is over- 
vigorous. In young trees the loss of leaves 
retards the development of fruit spurs, and 
the second growth of leaves is generally too 
late to mature sound buds. The next 
spring’s growth is checked, and then, if 
slugs are again allowed to infest the tree 
unmolested, the young tree will have 
suffered so severely that in spite of the best 
after-care it will never be again restored to 
its full vigor - The simplest remedy for 
the slug, and one that may be readily 
administered is to throw up among the 
branches, in the morning when the leaves 
are wet with dew, fine dry air slacked lime, 
coal ashes, or dry road dust, so that both 
sides of the leaves will be coated. White 
hellebore is also an efficient remedy but 
more costly. 
June-Ruddiii". 
June-budding is practised chiefly as a 
means of propagating choice new varieties 
of peaches, plums, etc. in the shortest pos- 
sible time. The peach pit is planted, the 
stock grown and budded, and the tree form- 
ed all in the same season. The operation 
consists in inserting a bud of the desired 
variety, taken from the soft wood of this 
year’s growth, under the bark of the stock 
after the manner shown in Fig. 505. 
For the buds select a soft, tender but 
vigorous shoot of the new wood of the 
desired variety. Place the edge of the budd- 
ing knife half an inch below the bud and 
make a drawing cut towards the upper 
part of the shoot, just deep enough to keep 
the knife below the bark and cutting off 
but a small slice of the wood. A slight cut 
across, about one-quarter of an inch above 
the bud, detaches it from the shoot entirely, 
and the little piece, three-quarters of an inch 
in length, is now ready 
for insertion. At the left 
of the illustration may be 
seen the smooth portion 
of the seedling selected 
for the operation, with 
the incision already 
made. This is in the 
shape of a T and no deep- 
er than through the 
bark. The two edges of 
the cut are slightly raised 
or loosened from the wood with the knife 
blade sufficiently to allow the insertion of 
the point of the bud, and by pushing this 
downward to its proper place, it forces its 
own passage between wood and bark, as 
these separate readily. The inserted bud is 
shown in the centre of the figure. The bud- 
ded stock, securely tied with bass bark, the 
bud and leaf stalk being left uncovered, 
appears at the right of the illustration. The 
stock is headed back at once and just as soon 
as the bud has united with the stock, which 
generally takes place within about two 
weeks after budding, the stock is cut down 
closely to the bud, when, at the same time, 
the bass bark ligature is cut. Budded in 
June the inserted bud starts into life at 
once and becomes by autumn a small but 
handsome tree ready for planting out in the 
orchard the following spring. In fall bud- 
ding the inserted bud remains dormant 
until the next season. 
Fig. 50i 
Cultivation of Heatli Ore-bard*. 
Is has been our experience that the best 
cultivated orchards pay the best. The trees 
thrive admirably under the severest cultiva- 
tion. It might seem that the mutilation of 
the roots of a tree while in a growing state 
and so near the surface as are those of the 
peach, would enfeeble or kill it outright. 
But it is not so. The aerating and pulver- 
izing of the soil more than compensates for 
the injury to the roots. A leading and suc- 
cessful peach grower in Michigan says, “It 
puts me out of patience to hear any one 
whose opinion has any weight deprecate or 
discourage in any way the most thorough 
cultivation. I have an orchard which for 
18 years has been ploughed annually, to the 
depth of five or six inches, some time in 
April or May; then in about two weeks 
when the weeds have sprung up, a heavy 
harrow has been passed over both ways. 
After this, when the weeds were stronger 
and larger, a two-horse cultivator set to 
run four or five inches in depth has been 
passed over from three to five times during 
the season. This is each season’s cultiva- 
tion, and I suppose, according to many - 
writers' view - s, that my trees ought to have 
been dead long ago; and yet I believe there 
are more peaches of the best quality grown 
on the same number of trees than in any 
other orchard in the State. Trees 18 years 
old have made a growth of from one to 
three feet in one season while bearing a 
heavy crop.” 
The cultivation required by the peach is 
simply to keep the surface mellow and free 
of w - eeds. In making the annual plowing 
in spring, it is w - ell to use a light plough, 
ploughing very shallow. In after culture 
and keeping the surface clean and mellow - 
there is nothing better for performing the 
work rapidly and thoroughly than the 
Acme harrow. 
Spraying Pumps. 
I notice in your March issue, an article 
on spraying pumps. I am much interested 
in this line of work and have had consider- 
able experience the last two or three years. 
In 1886 my entire apple crop was so infest- 
ed with Codling Moth that scarcely a sound 
specimen could be found. I therefore in 
the spring of 1887 determined to experi- 
ment with arsenical poisons, and perhaps I 
cannot do better than quote from my re- 
port published in volumn 21 of the Trans- 
actions of the Illinois State Horticultural 
Society. 
“The bloom w - as so light that I hesitated 
to incur the expense of a spraying outfit, 
but finally conclude to treat one orchard at 
least. I therefore ordered a Lewis combi- 
nation force pump and a quantity of Lon- 
don Purple for the purpose. I then took 
the heads out of two fifty-gallon barrels, 
and after boring a large hole in each of 
them, in which I kept a stick for stirring the 
mixture, I put them in for floats. I then 
placed the barrels in a wagon and filled 
them as nearly full of water as practicable, 
say about forty gallons in each. A pound 
of London Purple w - as then thoroughly 
mixed in a pail of w - ater and divided be- 
tween the two barrels, and stirred until the 
poison was well mixed with the water. I 
found that tw - o men were needed for the 
work; one to drive and keep the pail or 
tub in which the pump worked filled, and 
the other to use the pump. The driver was 
directed to drive very slowly along one side 
