March, 1889. 
IWWWW'MW'y 
67 
ORCHRRD 
GARDEN 
MAA/VW \f WW JV WV wW\ 
tatlon of the affected wood. No certain cure for peach 
yellows has yet been found and we seem equally uncer- 
tain concerning its origin or character. The diseased 
portion of the wood in black knot in the plum should 
he entirely cut away and burned; no prevention of the 
disease is known. Careful study and experiment.with 
thorough and patient research is needed to be exer- 
cised by fruit growers in the endeavor to And means 
of arresting these and other fatal diseases of plants. 
New Jersey State Horticultural 
Society. 
There was a large attendance of its intelligent and 
interested members at the Fourteenth Annual Meet- 
ing of this enterprising society, at Trenton, N. J, Its 
meetings have always been of a high character and 
this one was no exception. The discussions were of a 
highly practical nature and very instructive. Presi- 
dent Baird occupied the chair. 
Report of Vegetable Committee. 
Of the new varieties of potatoes the Crown Jewel 
seems quite promising. The Corn Sweet Corn is early 
but lacks sweetness and is affected with black fungus 
growth on the ears; for main crop the Triumph is re- 
commended, not quite so early as Cory but a good 
grower, large ears, productive, superior quality; tor 
late. Evergreen is best. The following other vegeta- 
bles were named as the best of their class: Rosy Gem 
and White Strasburg radishes, California Cream 
lettuce, Eclipse beet, American Wonder and Bliss' 
Everbeari>ig peas, Rochester tomato, Emerald Gem 
aDd Princess, the best red-fleshed melons and Improv- 
ed Early Hackensack the best green-fleshed. Ice 
Cream Water Melon for quality. 
Report on New Fruits. 
The Golden Queen raspberry is a splendid family 
berry, very prolific bearer, strong grower, of excellent 
flavor. Crystal raspberry, a seedling of Mr. A . J. Cay- 
wood, four or five days earlier in ripening than Golden 
Queen, bright yellow or straw color, handsomer but 
not so heavy a bearer. Cohanzick strawberry a per- 
fect failure: a shy bearer, fruit hard and very acid. 
Calyx deeply indentured. Mtnnewaski blackberry 
holds its own and improves on acquaintance. 
Worthy Fruits, Not Rucli Disseminated 
Mr. W. R. Ward named the Kiefer pear as one of 
the many varieties of fruit not yet sufficiently dissemi- 
nated. Though not of superior flavor, it has no equal 
as a cooking variety, it comes into bearing early, gives 
large crops and brings fair prices. It sold in NewYork 
markets the past fall, at $1.40 per bushel when the An- 
jou was bringing $1 .05. Dana’s Hovey Is excellent for 
family use and one of the most highly flavored pear 
but is little grown. The Quinn pear has been found 
to be one of the best pears for the amateur, in appear- 
ance resembles a large-sized Seckel. In strawber- 
ries he finds the Jessie to do best on heavy clay, the 
Davis is very similar to Sharpies*— cannot be distin- 
guished apart. The yellow raspberries are only suita- 
ble for family use, they do not sell in market. Marl- 
boro andCuthbsrt, the two most popular sorts. Fay's 
currant is sustaining its reputation, well worthy of 
further dissemination. The Montmorency cherry is 
recommended.as it comes in after the Early Richmond. 
English Morello is also a good variety not much grown. 
Moore's Early grape, one of the very best early black 
grapes, coming in before the Concord, and brings high 
prices. Niagara is worthy of wider dissemination as 
it generally commands high prices. Among apples, 
would name the Canfield, a fine, long-keeping, sweet 
apple; also the Pompey, an excellent sweet fall apple. 
Mr. Beebe mentioned Grimes' Golden apple with 
much praise. He considered the Pompey an excellent 
variety; Canfield is a good sweet apple for baking or 
making cider. Did not regard the Russian apples fa- 
vorably; liked Moore's Early grape, the quality was 
good; Fay's currant the best yet produced. 
Mr. J. T, Lovett said some of the Russian apples 
were valuable and should not be too hastily condemned. 
Was convinced that Lawver and Delaware Red Win- 
ter were identical. Grimes' Golden is a valuable ap- 
ple and a very good keeper. 
Peach Yellows. 
Prof. E. F. Smith addressed the Society on this sub- 
ject in connection with soi 1-exhaustion and took the 
ground that peach yellows is not related to poverty of 
soil. His experience has shown him that thrifty trees 
on fertile soil are quite as likely to be attacked as any. 
Did not know any remedy for the yellows, believed it 
to be an incurable disease and by what caused could 
not say. 
Insects. 
Prof.G.D.Hulst of theExperiment Station spoke brief- 
ly and said that we find insects to be beneficial agencies 
as well as destructive, and should discriminate between 
our friends and foes. The most valuable insecticides 
for the destruction of eggs are: Solution of London 
Purple, which kills the insect, as when hatched it be- 
gins to eat its way into the fruit or wood; the Kerosene 
emulsion which, penetrating the egg itself, thus kills. 
Against caterpillars or grubs, when they can be reached 
there are the poisons, which sprinkled on the food 
plants, kill the insects as they eat, and the poisons 
which kill by touch, or by being breathed into the 
body. Nothing better than the solutions or powders of 
Paris Green or London Purple on the one hand, and 
Kerosene emulsion and Pyrethrum powder, dry or in 
solution, on the other. It is important to learn what 
insects destroy injurious insects; among these are the 
Lady Bugs and most of the wasp family. Important 
also to preserve the birds; indiscriminate hunting and 
killing should be prevented by law. There is no bird 
that doos not pay for itself in the destruction of insects, 
even to the English Sparrow. Then come garter 
snakes, moles and toads. 
Mr. Nicholson had an orchard of young trees badly 
infested with Bark Lice. Made a solution of sal-soda — 
half a pound to a gallon of water— and applied with a 
whitewash brush. In a week’s time all were dead and 
washed off. 
Sulphate of Copper Remedies for the 
Prevention of Mildew and Rot of the 
Grape, 
Mr. Vandeveer had experimented a little. Sprayed 
his trees from June 1st to July 25th, four applications, 
but did not succeed in saving his grapes. The worst 
year for grapes in Monmouth Co., he ever knew. Mr. 
E. Williams made two applications of the Bordeaux 
mixture to part of his vineyard and three to the other 
portion. Did not see any difference in the two portions. 
Had some mildew and rot in each but much less than 
last year. Used a Whitman pump with a Nixon or Cli- 
max muzzle which does very effective work. Impor- 
tant to commence spraying early, as soon as the vines 
leaf out. 
Many interesting papers were read and discussed for 
which we regret we cannot find space here. Among 
them may be mentioned: Responsibility ofNurserymen, 
by I. J. Blackwell; How to Make Horticultural Societies 
Profitable, by C. W. Idell; How to Best Extend the 
Benefits and Influence of the Society, by Franklin Dye; 
Experimental Station Work, by Ex-President Pearson; 
the same topic continued, by Sec. E. Williams; The Re- 
lations of Fertilizers to Fruit, by Prof. P. T. Austen. 
The full report of the Proceedings of the Society at 
this meeting has already been published. Officers for 
1889 are: President, David Baird, Manalapan; Vice-Pres- 
ident, C. W. Idell, Hoboken; Secretary, E. Williams, 
Montclair; Treasurer, Chas. L. Jones, Newark. 
Hort. Association of Pennsylvania. 
The State Horticultural Association of Pennsylvania 
assembled in annual session in the borough of Lewis- 
town, that State, on the 16th of January last. Adjourn- 
ment took place on the evening of the following day. 
There was an excellent attendance on the part of the 
fruit growers of central Pennsylvania. Lewistown be- 
ing in the Juniata valley in which the cultivation of 
peaches is proving a great and profitable industry. A 
number of the most successful growers related their 
experience. Thirty-one new members were secured. 
Every county in the State is represented in the associa- 
tion, Berks having the largest list, fifty-one citizens of 
that county, having paid the annual due for 1889. These 
names were all secured by Cyrus T. Fox, State Pomolo- 
gist, and Chairman of the General Fruit Committee. 
Calvin Cooper, of Bird-in-Hand, Lancaster county, 
presided. He served as President of the association 
for four years, but declined a re-election, and Henry 
C. Suavely, a practical fruit grower of Lebanon county, 
was chosen his successor. E. B. Engle, of Waynesboro, 
Franklin county, who has discharged the duties of Sec- 
retary with great acceptability for a number of years, 
was re-elected. The other officer are: Vice-Presidents, 
Josiah Hoopes, West Chester; Henry M. Engle, Mariet- 
ta; Edwin Satterthwait, Jenkintown; Corresponding 
Secretary, W. P. Brinton, Christiana; Treasurer, J, Hib- 
berd Bartram, Milltown. 
There was a fine display of apples and dried fruit, but 
no floral decorations. But little attention is paid to 
green-house cultivation of plants and flowers in that sec 
tion of the State. There were several disappointments. 
Prof. W. A, Buckhout, of Pennsylvania State College, 
and Prof. S. B. Heiges, of Cumberland county, who 
were announced on the programme, were unavoidably 
absent. The Chairman of the General Fruit Committee 
was also unable to be present. His report which covers 
the pomological and horticultural results in every 
county in the State (67 counties,) has since appeared in 
printed form. 
Last year was exceptionally favorable, according to 
this report, for the production of the different fruits, 
although in some of the counties the severe weather of 
the previour winter and spring considerably curtailed 
the yield. The apple crop throughout the State was 
the largest in a number of years. The quality of the 
fruit was also unusually fine. It was an “off year’’ for 
pears and the yield was light. In many of the counties 
the peach crop was a failure, but in a number of favor- 
able localities there was an abundance of the luscious 
fruit. The season was unfavorable for plums in the 
greater portion of the State, but there was a large 
yield in the southwestern counties. Greater attention 
is being paid to quince culture. There was a fair crop 
of cherries, but wet weather during the ripening per- 
iod caused them to rot. The grape crop was excellent 
in most of the counties of the State, all varieties hav 
ing done well. More attention is being devoted to 
small fruits. Renewed interest is being manifested in 
horticultural adornment, and the ornamentation of 
grounds and door-yards is on the increase. 
The report concludes with a number of “general ob- 
servations” and treats of the enemies with which fruit 
growers are confronted. In regard to “peach yellows,” 
which disease has made the cultivation of peaches im- 
possible in some of the counties of the State, it has 
been found that the germ theory as to its origin is the 
correct one, and that the disease is communicated by 
inoculation. No remedy is suggested except the etadi- 
cation and destruction of every tree discovered to be af- 
fected. “Grape rot” can be controlled by spraying the 
vines with the Bordeaux mixture, applied by means of 
a force pump having a spray on the end of a rubber 
tube connected with the pump. Several applications 
during the season are necessary. 
The members of the association were so well pleased 
with the success of the meeting that they decided to 
meet on the third Wednesday in January, 1890, in the 
same section of the State. 
Rurpee’s New Vegetables. 
Prominent among progressive Seedsmen, who now 
search nearly every corner of the globe for novelties to 
be carefully tested, often for several years before their 
introduction, are W. Atlee Burpee & Co., the well- 
known Philadelphia seed growers. In this issue they 
advertise a new Onion from Greece.that is as mild and 
fresh in mid-winter as when first gathered, and a new 
Watermelon from China, known as Burpee’s White 
Gem, which from the colored plate published in their 
Farm Annual, must be very beautiful and is said to be 
“the sweetest of all Watermelons.” They offer a valu- 
able collection of seed, of which they have sent us a 
sample box, containing fifteen new and choice varie- 
ties of vegetables for the extremely low price of fifty 
cents.— Adv- 
nnMP QTTTT1V Book-keeping, Business Forms, Pen. 
nUliiiJ 0 1 UD 1 ■ manship. Arithmetic. Short hand etc- 
thoroughly taught by MAIL, at STUDENTS HOME 
Low Rates. Satisfaction Guaranteed. 
BRYANT & STRATTON, 431 Main St. Buffalo, N. Y. 
PDA DC Pill Til DC A practical treatise, giving 
UnArC wUL I UHC full instructions how to cul- 
tivate, prune and train the vine so asto insure the most per- 
fect success. Sent postpaid on receipt of 25c. in coin or 
stamps. Address, 
J. H. TRTON, Willoughby, Ohio. 
GROUND MOLES. 
Their habits, and howto catch them. A Book Free. 
L. H. OLMSTED. Corona, New Jersey, 
ARTLETT PEAR 
& LOMBARD PLUM TREES 
Planters will find my Prices on the above one half lower 
than many are selling at, until my present surplus is sold. 
Also on a general assortment of Pear, Plum, Cherry and 
Quinces. Send for descriptive price list, FREE. 
HENRY EUTTS, 
Niagara River Nurseries, Youngstown, N. Y. 
