156 
August, 1889. 
ORCH RR 
AND 
GARDEN 
©RCHARD^§ARDEN 
AN ILLUSTRATED MONTHLY JOUR- 
NAL OF HORTICULTURE. 
Devoted exclusively to the interest of the American 
Orchard, Vineyard, Fruit, Vegetable and 
Flower Garden. 
Progressive ! Reliable ! practical ! Scientific 1 
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Fite Yearly Subscriptions for $2.00. 
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LITTLE SILVER, N. J., AUGUST, 1889. 
Our Summer Premiums. 
We offer our readers on another page a 
few timely articles as summer premiums 
on eVery liberal terms. Most of our friends 
can, if they will but make the effort, raise a 
small club of new subscribers to Orchard 
& Garden at this time among their friends 
and neighbors, and at the same time secure 
for themselves the premiums offered. These 
are just as described and we know they 
will please you. Send us the names of 
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will send them sample copies of the paper 
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scriptions. Begin now and you will be 
surprised to find how quickly you will 
succeed. 
In estimating the profit or loss of his sea- 
son’s work the small-fruit grower should 
not undervalue the experience which he has 
secured. In many cases a liberal sum may 
properly be entered to this item on the 
credit side of the ledger. What men learn by 
their own practical efforts, though often ex- 
pensive, is usually much more valuable to 
them than knowledge obtained by easier 
and cheaper methods. Some of the begin- 
ners who have not made much money with 
small-fruits this year have perhaps learned 
enough about the business to insure their 
success in the future. Mistakes in the 
choice of varieties or in methods of cultiva- 
tion yrill be corrected and the various 
Changes which experience has shown to be 
desirable will be made to contribute to their 
success in coming years. 
Secretary Rusk in his work of reorgan- 
ization of the Department of Agriculture, 
has established a new division under Mr. 
George W. Hill of Minn. , charged with the 
important duty of editing the Reports and 
Bulletins issued by the various divisions of 
the Department, and putting them in such 
shape that the facts and conclusions of each 
bulletin may be presented to the public in 
the plainest possible language. It is also 
proposed to send out, in advance, synopses 
of each Bulletin to all the newspapers 
throughout the country that the public may 
learn of the contents previous to its appear- 
ance and thus be enabled to send for such 
Bulletins as may be of especial interest to 
them. It is a matter of fact that many of 
the documents issued by the Department 
are comparatively lost to the agricultural 
and horticultural public, for whom they 
really are prepared. For this reason Or- 
chard and Garden has alwaj s noticed, and 
called attention to, the various Bulletins 
and Reports received at this office with the 
name and address of the official from whom 
they might be obtained, in the hope that 
those of our readers interested would avail 
themselves of the important results of 
scientific investigations so fully presented 
therein, without any cost to the applicant. 
A sad confusion exists in the nomencla- 
ture of Japan plums introduced into this 
country and in consequence it is very diffi- 
cult just now to speak intelligently of the 
hardiness or other properties of a variety, 
as is shown by the conflicting reports re- 
ceived regarding them from all parts of the 
country. We hear of Kelsey’s Early and 
Kelsey's Late; some declare Kelsey and Hat- 
tankin as identical, others describe them as 
distinct. It is the same or worse with the 
Botan. Under this name are varieties evi- 
dently distinct in color aqd texture of flesh, 
quality, size, and season; there is also a de- 
cided difference in the degrees of adherence 
of the flesh to the stone. This is discourag- 
ing. One of the most prominent and pro- 
gressive fruit growers of the South writes 
us on this subject: "I have this year some 
fifteen varieties of Japan plums in fruit, but 
it will take some years to unravel the con- 
fusion now existing; their nomenclature is 
even more puzzling than that of the Japan 
Persimmon. I have received several in- 
voices of trees from Japan and scarcely any 
variety is true to description.” 
We fear that in many sections of the 
country there will be few apples this year. 
The canker worm has already settled that, 
and farmers will lose thousands of dollars 
by neglecting to fight the pest in time. We 
are convinced that it is comparatively easy 
to exterminate; spraying with Paris Green 
or London Purple is a complete and efficient 
remedy, when performed at the proper sea- 
son. But there must be concerted action 
if we would make success complete. There 
has been no lack of warning and advice 
from the horticultural press upon this sub- 
ject and the negligent orchardist cannot 
now shelter himself under the plea of ig- 
norance. 
Men prominently before the public, and 
specialists in particular departments are 
usually burdened with a heavy correspon- 
dence the greater part of which is, in most 
cases, upon matters wholly in the interest 
of the writers and of no concern whatever 
to the party addressed. No class of men 
suffer more from this abuse than do our 
prominent horticultural writers. They are 
expected to reply at length and in detail to 
all the questions asked. Some of these are 
of the most trifling nature whilst others in- 
volve considerable thought and study to ad- 
vise well and wisely. But it is very rare in- 
deed that an enquirer encloses anything in 
the shape of a fee as compensation for the 
time and thought expended in the reply, 
and in many cases not even a postage stamp 
is enclosed for the return. Now this is all 
wrong; it is neither courteous nor just. One 
wonld not write to a physician or a lawyer 
for advice with no thought of making ade- 
quate compensation therefor, neither can 
one reasonably expect a busy man in other 
fines of fife to give his time gratuitously to 
answering enquiries in which he has no 
particular concern. The people have the 
press and the State Experiment Stations. 
Orchard and Garden is established in the 
interest of its subscribers and gladly replies 
to all enquiries, obtaining for them the 
best information to be had upon the subject, 
but we hope that when our readers address 
any of our correspondents personally for in- 
formation, they will enclose, at least, a post- 
age stamp for its return. 
The Rural New Yorker in a recent editor- 
ial notice gives some interesting figures 
regarding our trade in tropical fruits as 
bearing upon the desire of many fruit grow- 
ers that a high duty should be put upon 
foreign fruit. They complain that the 
importation of the latter is highly ir. jurious 
to the trade in American fruit. This year 
there has been an immense supply of bana- 
nas and pine-apples and at a time when the 
strawberry season was at its height. Al- 
though this might have a tendency to short- 
en the season by providing variety and 
causing people to tire sooner of one or the 
other. yet we believe with the It. N. Y. that 
bananas and pine-apples possess such dis- 
tinctive flavors and qualities from other 
fruit that a person who wants one will 
not take the other in its place. 
“The trade in tropical fruits is rapidly 
increasing. In 1888 there were admitted, 
free of duty, $5,787,867 worth of such fruits, 
and $3,154,654 of this amount went for bana- 
nas. In the same year duties were paid on 
$14,714,456 worth of fruits, including figs, 
lemons, oranges, prunes and raisins. With 
the exception of figs and raisins, there has 
been a gradual decrease in the value of the 
imports of dutiable fruits. The values of 
