168 
September. 1889. 
ORCHARD 
AND 
CARDEN 
quently to cause them, are not the true 
cause. That is. I place them in the same 
class with similar diseases attacking the po- 
tato and many other plants, — the parasite 
infection l>eing secondary, and consequent 
upon impaired vitality from climatic ex- 
cess. — cold, heat, wet, etc. Though injur- 
ious. the diseases are not often fatally des- 
tructive. The market is still sufficiently 
supplied with all the fruit subject to them. 
No doubt, by the use of fungicidal remedies 
we may in some, if not in all cases, be aole 
to arrest the ravages of the fungoid growth: 
but decidedly the wisest way is to destroy 
at once the affected parts, or better, the en- 
tire trees, by fire, rather than to preserve 
them, and thus risk the danger with which 
every diseased tree threatens its neigh- 
bors. 
The Russian Almond. 
Here is truly a valuable addition toour 
hardy nut trees. — one that will produce 
sweet almonds so far North that only the 
ironclad apples succeed. I have for many 
years thought, from the hardiness of the little 
double-flowering almond, that a single flow- 
ering tree of the same or a similar species 
would thrive with us: and now, by the kind- 
ness of Prof. Budd, I have an opportunity 
to try not only the original sort, but also an 
Iowa-grown seedling. In the far North, nut 
trees are so few that any sweet nut is desir- 
able; — the butternut, the beechnut, and 
the hazel being the only edible kinds, — 
though I am still hoping for an iron-clad 
hickory, and a black walnut. — T. H. Hos- 
kins, M. D. 
Bllglit-proof Early Apples. 
I have read with care the notes by Dr. 
Hoskins on “The Russian Transparent Ap- 
ples.” He says truly “the whole family 
are more or less subject to blight.” West* 
of the great lakes this tendency with the 
Transparent is still more observable, but 
other varieties of the Russian apples of the 
same or nearly the same season, and fully 
equal to them in size, beauty, and quality, 
take their place. Of the Russian Calville 
family we have two varieties that mature 
early which appear to be as hardy and per- 
fect in tree as Duchess, viz: The Burlovka 
(No. 183) and the Blushed Calville (22M). 
The Burlovka ripens with Yellow Trans- 
parent and we think it better for dessert 
use. It averages fully as large as the 
Transparent, is yellow in color, approach- 
ing conic in form, and is slightly ridged 
like all the Calvilles. It does not come into 
bearing quite as early as Yellow Trans- 
parent, but is a regular bearer after the 
tree attains some size. 
Blushed Calville is much like the above 
in size, shape and color of fruit, but it has 
a fine blush on the sunny side, is from ten 
to twelve days later, and is an earlier bear- 
er. This promises to be very valuable in 
the cold North, as Prof. Green reports it in 
the list hardier than Duchess on the very 
trying grounds of the Minnesota Experi- 
mental Station. 
Breskooka (152 M) appears also to belong 
to this family, but its fruit in color, size, 
shape, basin, and weight is almost a perfect 
reproduction of Grimes Golden, but ripen- 
ing the middle of August. In quality it 
ranks high for a summer apple. 
With us also the beautiful and really ex- 
cellent Livland Raspberry (No. 340) ripens 
this year and last with the Yellow Trans- 
parent. On account of its size, beauty, 
quality, and the long period it retains its 
flavor after it becomes mellow, this variety 
at the West will become a popular market 
sort when it is better known. The beauti- 
ful and excellent Beautiful Arcade also 
comes in at this season. While it is true 
that sweet apples do not take well in mar- 
ket I predict that Beautiful Arcade will 
prove an exception to the rule on account 
of its size, rare beauty, sprightly refreshing 
flavor, and the long period during which it 
retains its quality. 
The Red Transparent is also worthy of 
notice. On account of its tenderness, and 
tendency to watery core and flesh, it will 
not be profitable for market, but it is priz- 
ed by the children, and by those of older 
growth, for eating fresh from the tree 
when apples are scarce. I have said that 
its season was about that of Red Astrachan 
but this year its loads of fruit was ripe with 
the first advance specimens of the Astra- 
chan. We have also found it valuable for 
culinary use in advance of the Tetofsky, 
anid far in advance of the Astrachan to 
which family it belongs. — J. L. Budd. 
Japan Persimmons in Virginia. 
Orchard and Garden asks if any one in 
tide-water Virginia has had experience with 
the Japan Persimmon. I set one in the 
spring of 1888: it was very late in starting 
owing to a protracted drouth, and late rains 
prevented the wood from thoroughly ripen- 
ing before cold weather came, and in con- 
sequence was killed nearly to the ground. 
But a few days ago I was shown a tree that 
had stood two winters and has now a cou- 
ple of fine fruit on it. We are 65 miles from 
Norfork, on the south side of the James 
River. Figs winter-kill badly so it would 
seems that the Japan Persimmon, contrary 
to the report of the Department of Agricul- 
ture, is hardier than the fig and should suc- 
ceed in all of Virginia, south and east of 
Claremont. — A. F. Ames, Surrey Co., Va. 

Some Orclmrd Jot ling*. 
Early Champagne as it comes to us (De- 
partment bo.68), is a medium or under sized 
apple, with red stripes on pale orange 
ground. It is a tart, tender, early fruit of 
nearly the same quality as the Transparent. 
Not as good a grower nor as good in leaf. 
There is so much confusion in the 1870 
Department lists that we may not have it 
true to name. 
The apple, peach and pear crop promises 
to be light in the large producing sections; 
perhaps not a half crop. If we judge from 
present indications, we believe that prices 
will be fair for good fruit. We shall prob- 
ably have the usual supply of wormy fruit 
to depress and lesson the price of really 
good fruit. 
No better time than September can befound 
to cut water sprouts and suckers from fruit 
trees, perhaps peaches should be excepted 
from the list. The growth of trees is at a 
standstill at this time whilst the wood is 
hardening. All the trimming of this sort 
done now is very efficacious, for new water 
sprouts seldom follow a removal at that 
time. I do not advise the free removal 
of the lower side branches of young trees. 
Experience has raught me that the growth 
of young trees is far more vigorous, and the 
trees bear earlier if the side branches are 
allowed to grow until the tree becomes quite 
stocky. Never allow root suckers to grow. 
J. H. Hale of South Glastonbury, Conn., 
is reported in the Rural New Yorker to have 
the promise of a large peach crop which he 
claims to be the result of the use of 400 
pounds annually of muriate of potash and 
a liberal use of bone dust. We find the 
same results in our case. We prefer 
kainit and bone, as the kainit contains sc 
much salt which for the peach is a 
good restorative to unhealthy trees. This 
fact is emphasized in a marked manner 
by the unusual health and vigor of all peach 
trees that grow near the edge of salt marsh- 
es. Those nearest to the marshes are al- 
ways the most vigorous. — Eli Minch. 
The Waylaml Plum. 
Among the native varieties of plums 
which may be termed curculio-proof, or 
rather upon which the curculio seems to 
produce no material injury, is the Way- 
land, a Southern plum of the same type 
or species as the Kanawha, and one which 
seems deserving of attention. Prof. Van 
Deman says of it, “Among the host of na- 
tive American plums that have . been 
brought to notice this is the best one I have 
yet tasted. In size it is fully as large as 
Wild Goose, nearly round in shape, and of 
a brilliant reddish purple. The season is 
quite late, in fact the latest of any good na- 
tive American plum that I have seen. The 
quality is very good and when cooked it is 
not sour as is the case with nearly all na- 
tive varieties. In productiveness it is not 
excelled, a statement that I have the best of 
evidence to confirm.” 

Fruit Pa<-ka«eH. 
Careful provision should be made now 
for a proper supply of barrels and other 
packages in season. There is always more 
or less trouble and delay in getting them at 
the time they are needed. Neighboring 
groceries may be visited and flower barrels 
engaged in advance for the apple crop. 
Half barrel packages for pears and quinces * 
are the best and most profitable. For 
peaches the best package is the one- 
third bushel basket, or one-third bushel 
crates may be made having the edges of 
the slats beveled on the inside. 
