188 
AND 
October, 1889. 
ORCHARD 
GARDE N 
©RCHARD^§ARDEN 
AN ILLUSTRATED MONTHLY JOUR- 
NAL OF HORTICULTURE. 
Devoted exclusively to the Interest of the American 
Orchard. Vineyard, Fruit, Vegetable and 
Flower Garden. 
Progressive ! Reliable ! Practical ! Scientific ! 
Subscription Price, 50 Cents per Annum 
Five Yearly Svbscriptions for $2.00. 
Entered at the Post Office at Little Sliver as second class 
matter. 
Edited by H. G. Cornet. 
Our Staff. 
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Samvel Miller, A. B. Cordley. 
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abby Speakman. 
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reil, 50c. Preferred position ten per cent, extra. 
LITTLE SILVER, N. J., OCT., 1889. 
San Diego Co., Cal. Sept. I6tb, 1889. 
Enclose And fifty cents for Orchard & Garden. I 
want it all the time. I like it very much. There is 
nothing of the kind that is better. 
Lafayette Yates. 
Our subscribers are responding nobly to 
our request for their experience with Black- 
rot of the grape during the past season and 
we thank them cordially for it. But we 
would like many more of the Circulars on 
Grape-rot to come back to us with all the 
questions fully answered and we ask 
those grape growers who have received 
the Supplement to last month’s Orchard & 
Garden and have not yet replied, to kindly 
do so at once for the benefit of our many 
readers. 
In the general domestic economy it is 
very desirable, whenever the situation of 
the house will permit it, that a family 
should avail themselves of the assistance of 
a good kitchen garden. It will be found 
to greatly lessen the expense of housekeep- 
ing and need not entail a very great demand 
upon one’s time and labor, for it is not ne- 
cessary that it be large. It has been object- 
ed that in grounds of limited extent where 
the garden is in plain sight of the family 
apartments, it is apt to become an eyesore, 
but this may be readily overcome by a little 
attention to neatness and good order. A 
kitchen garden, though small, may be so 
cared for as to render it not only useful but 
quite ornamental. The small-fruits, too, 
should not be forgotten but a currant or 
gooseberry bush stuck inhere and a grape 
vine there until the whole space is occupied. 
A little spot of ground used in this way will 
afford considerable pleasure and will be far 
more usefully employed than if frittered 
away in ornamental planting adapted only 
to larger places. 
The past season is one to be remembered 
by the farmer and gardener no less than by 
the fruit-grower. During the spring and 
summer the immoderate and almost con- 
tinuous rainfall with warm, close, “muggy ’’ 
weather which prevailed has been exceed- 
ingly favorable to the development of rot 
and other fungus spores and to the vine- 
yardist especially, in many cases, it has 
been disastrous. Even such a veteran in 
grape-growing as Mr. E. Williams writes 
us: “Never before have I seen such fail- 
ures in grapes or such misuuderstanda- 
ble freaks as have been presented. Verily 
the husbandmen of this section have a 
hard time of it.” From among all the varie- 
ties of grapes in our own test grounds we 
failed to find any with perfect bunches. Like 
all other men who cultivate crops, the fruit- 
grower is largely dependent upon good 
weather for success. No human skill or 
foresight can insure a heavy crop in an 
extremely unfavorable season. Excessive 
rains when trees and plants are in bloom or 
just as the fruit is ripe, untimely frosts or 
severe droughts, will certainly reduce the 
quantity and may seriously impair the qual- 
ity of the crop. In unfavorable seasons in- 
sects and disease also prove more destruc- 
tive than in propitious years. Still, with all 
the losses resulting from these and kindred 
causes, the men who grow fruit are not 
greater sufferers than those who produce 
other crops. Every tiller of the soil is help- 
lesswithout the sunshine and the rain. If 
they are supplied in proper proportions skill- 
ful management will enable him to secure 
profitable returns. If either is in excess the 
yield and value of his crop will be impaired. 
We grieve to learn of the sudden death of 
George H. Cook, L. L. D., Ph. D., State 
Geologist of N. J. and vice-president of Rut- 
gers College, which took place at New 
Brunswick, N. J. on September 22nd, after 
but a single day’s illness. He was born at 
Hanover, N. J., in 1817 and has passed an 
active life in the pursuit of science. He it 
was who organized the N. J. State Board of 
Agriculture of which he was also for a long 
time secretary. He held many important 
offices in the State at various times and his 
work as State Geologist has been of consid- 
erable importance. He leaves a widow and 
two children — one son and one daughter. 
Reduction of Express Charges. 
The work of the committee appointed by 
the American Association of Nurserymen, 
of which Hon. S. M. Emery is Chairman, to 
endeavor to secure lower rates from the Ex- 
press Companies has resulted in a new Ex- 
press Classification which amounts to a re- 
duction of twenty to twenty-five per cent. 
This rate is for trees, plants and vines 
whether hardwooded or soft, provided they 
are boxed or baled. This is good news to 
fruit growers, nurserymen and many others. 
We now have reduced freight, reduced 
postage, and reduced express charges on 
nursery stock. So much for organized 
work and systematic effort. Let the good 
work go on. 
Wild Goose Stock for Peaches. 
Prof. Budd in the Farmers' Review gives 
some reasons for thinking favorably of the 
Chickasaw varieties of plums for peach 
stock: “During the past twenty years I 
have watched the behavior of the peach 
when budded on young stalks of the Wild 
Goose, Miner and other Chickasaw varieties, 
and have about reached the belief that in 
some respects they aie preferable to peach 
roots. With a view to drawing out the 
opinion of others I will say: (l.) That I have 
not known the borer to attack the peach 
wood when budded on these stalks above the 
crown. (2.) I have thought that the peach 
wood ripened up more perfectly on these 
stalks and that for this reason the fruit buds 
would endure a lower winter temperature. 
(3.) I have believed that the peach would 
do well on this stalk on soils where it would 
nearly fail on peach roots.” 
Transplanting: Trees. 
Thos. Meehan has said there was no best 
time for transplanting trees. The degree 
of moisture in the earth and the air will 
generally decide the fate of most of ever- 
greens that are planted. We have known 
success under proper conditions if we have 
moist weather or frequent rains at and after 
planting, and the ground also properly 
moist will nearly always insure success. 
Hot and dry weather or cold drying winds 
will evaporate the moisture from the leaves 
and when once dry they die. Much more 
depends on the state of the weather after 
planting than the utmost care in planting, 
especially large evergreens, and keeping 
the roots wtt will not always prevent the 
evaporation of the leaves in dry and hot 
or cold, windy weather. Success in plant- 
ing deciduous trees depends more on the 
vigor and health of the tree than on the 
abundance of the roots or care in planting. 
Stunted trees, old inhabitants of the nur- 
sery, never will live and grow- equal to 
young and healthy trees, even if they do 
not have half of the roots of the old, stunt- 
ed ones. Many think the little fibrous roots 
are all essential, out these die every year 
and unless the roots throw- out new shoots 
in the form of white fibres which are the 
mouths with which the tree is fed and 
which also assist to elaborate new sap, the 
tree will linger along and finally die. The 
writer has know-n pear trees, healthy but 
deficient in small roots, live and thrive 
finely w hich had been rejected as not sala- 
ble, while trees well furnished with small 
roots, but not thrifty and vigorous, did 
not live. Another fault practiced in tree 
