206 
November, 1889. 
r 
ORCHRRD 
AND 
OAR DEN 
Seasonable Suggestions. 
It is not too late to plant raspberries, 
blackberries, currants, and gooseberries up 
to the time of freezing weather, provided 
sufficient care is taken to plant them prop- 
erly and protect them afterwards, which 
may readily be done by mounding up the 
soil around them as advised last month. 
* * 
* 
Fall manuring will prove beneficial and 
may be applied with advantage to all the 
small-fruits. The manure for this purpose 
had better be that from the barn yard or 
stable and applied even when quite coarse; 
it will slowly leach into the soil and be- 
come well disintegrated during winter. The 
use of fine, commercial fertilizers is not ad- 
visable in the autumn, with the exception 
perhaps of ground bone which does not dis- 
solve so rapidly. 
* * 
* 
The question of cutting out the old canes 
from raspberry and blackberry bills after 
bearing or in the following spring has been 
much discussed; about the only advantage 
claimed by those who leave them till spring 
being that they afford some protection to 
the other canes but this seems to be of value 
only at the north where the snow might be 
held among the canes by them. For our 
part, we advise their prompt removal im- 
mediately after bearing their crop, for sev- 
eral reasons, the chief one of which is that 
the old canes are really a drain upon the 
vigor of the plants. The plantation looks 
much better after the work has b^en done 
and one can do it at that time better than 
in Spring. 
* * 
* 
When canes are laid down in fall they 
may be first cut back about one-third but 
if they are to stand out unprotected during 
winter it is better not to trim them until 
spring. Few growers now care to go to the 
trouble of covering raspberries and black- 
berries whilst there are gocd hardy varie- 
ties to be bad. 
* * 
* 
Mulching with stable manure around 
newly planted stock may be profitably done 
now but the winter covering of strawbeiny 
plantations may be safely delayed until the 
ground has frozen hard, when a wagon can 
be driven over the beds and the covering 
material more easily distidbuted than if put 
on earlier. In the choice of the material 
itself there is plenty of liberty since almost 
any waste matter will answer the purpose 
provided that it is not too dense, but rather 
light and porous. The object is not so 
much to exclude frost as to shield the 
plants from the rays of the sun that the soil 
will not thaw out suddenly and heave the 
plant out. When this happens the crown 
becomes exposed and the f x uit bud is killed. 
One of the best coverings that can be used 
is evergreen branches, such as those of the 
hemlock, whilst leaves are not to be recom- 
mended since they flatten down after a 
time and become a close and dense mat. 
Snow is an excellent covering and in north- 
ern locations where it remains upon the 
ground all winter one need cover for pro- 
tection only in early spring, when the in- 
creasing power of the sun melts the snow, 
and the fatal alternations of freezing at 
night and thawing by day, begin. 
* * 
* 
A better time than fall for clearing up or 
eradicating old berry fields can hardly be 
found, whilst the weather remains open 
and the ground soft. The old canes can be 
readily mowed off close to the ground with 
abroad bush scythe, then, with a coarse 
wooden rake, drawn into piles and burned. 
After ploughing deeply, a thorough cross- 
harrowing will bring up all the roots and 
stubs not sufficiently buried, and these, 
when dried, may readily be gathered and 
burned. 
*•* 
The Bwarf Juneberry “Success.” 
The common dwarf Junebeny, Amelau- 
chier oblongifolia, is now veiy generally 
known and appreciated. It has become, in 
many States, quite popular and thrives well 
under cultivation — in fact it is of the easi- 
est culture, remarkably hardy and trans- 
plants readily. It is propagated from suck- 
ers. which are set in rows from six to eight 
feet apart, with the plants standing about 
three feet apart in the rows. They con- 
tinue in good bearing condition for many 
years. Prof. H. E. VanDeman has suc- 
ceeded in propagating a variety of A. ob- 
longifolia which he has named Success and 
which is a great improvement upon the 
common varieties of this species. The fruit 
is about the size and shape of the common 
huckleberry, borne in clusters, as shown in 
the engraving, and of a reddish purple col- 
or, changing to bluish-black. The quality 
of the Juneberry is not of the highest and 
should not be compared with the small- 
fruits in this respect, but the new variety 
Success is much belter than any of the oth- 
ers and is well worthy of a place in the 
family garden. The flavor is of a mild 
subacid, perhaps too sweet for some tastes, 
but nevertheless very good either for des- 
sert or canned. 
The plant is quite ornamental, growing 
in a bush-like form and seldom exceeding 
four feet in height. The foliage is of a glossy, 
dark green color with large white blossoms. 
It bears its fruit in June as the name im- 
plies. 
The Juneberry seems remarkably free 
from insects and the only disease known to 
it is a fungus (Roestelia penicillata) which 
sometimes attacks the fruit; the remedy 
is said to consist in dusting with flowers of 
sulphur or, more certain still, picking the 
infested fruit carefully into a newspaper, 
folding it up and burning in the stove. 
Strawberries tliat Yield Well for Years. 
It is often advised to fruit strawberries 
but one or two years and then to plough 
them under aud reset; we have in many in- 
stances endorsed this advice when referring 
to certain soils such as Wilson’s Albany, 
Crescent, and others of that class. There 
are sorts, however, that yield as well the 
second and third year as the first, provided 
they are well cared for and generously fed. 
Such sorts are Chas. Downing, Kentucky, 
Cumberland, Triomphe de Gand, Jucunda, 
etc. Some of these will bear fine crops 
even the fourth year under good conditions. 
The first class which bear so abundantly 
the first year are almost entirely exhausted 
by the crop, whilst the others make a lux- 
uriant plant growth the first year and bear 
comparatively lightly. The proper condi- 
tions for continuing a strawberry bed in 
profitable bearing are first, such a deep, 
rich, moist soil as the strawberry delights 
in, and then each season, immediately after 
fruiting, a thorough cleaning of the bed, 
and good cultivation throughout the sea- 
son, a top-dressing of well-rotted manure or 
bone-dust in fall, proper covering in win- 
ter. and finally a top-dressing of unleached 
wood ashes early in spring. This treatment 
will produce continuous and abundant 
crops from certain varieties, as we have 
said, but it is always better to set out a new 
bed of any sort than to let the present one 
become matted with weeds and grass and 
then attempt to clean it in the spring. 
From what has been said it will be seen 
that it is neither wise nor just to condemn 
a variety upon the results of its first year's 
fruiting; be patient and wait until another 
season or two before ueing so quick to con- 
demn. 
YVlial There i« in the Dewberry. 
I mean in the strain of the Lucretia Dew- 
berry. Perhaps 1 know more nearly what 
we may expect from it than any other per- 
son save one, and that one is Luther Bur- 
bank, of Cal. Mr. Burbank within the past 
few years has grown and fruited many hun- 
dreds of seedlings from it. In all 75,000 
seedlings from it, and other blackberries, 
including hybrids and crosses of every 
kind. Careful selections from this vast 
number, and hybrids between the black- 
