208 
November, 1889. 
ORCH RR D GRRDE N 
(Drchard«^§arden 
AN ILLUSTRATED MONTHLY JOUR- 
NAL OF HORTICULTURE. 
Devoted exclusively to the Interest of the American 
Orchard, Vineyard, Fruit, Vegetable and 
Flower Garden. 
PROGRESSIVE ! RELIABLE ! PRACTICAL ! SCIENTIFIC ! 
siu baorlptlon Price, SO Cents per Annum 
Five Yearly Subscriptions for $2.00. 
Entered at the Post Office at Little Silver as second class 
matter. 
Edited by H. G. Cornet. 
Our Staff. 
F. Lamson Scribner, Peter B. Mead, 
Samuel Miller, A. B. Cordley, 
Dr. T. H. Hoskins, W. F. Massey, 
M. C. Rankin', Eli Minch, 
Abby Speakman. 
Advertising; Rates. 
Per Agate line, each Insertion 30c 
One Page, “ $90.00 
One half Page “ 55 00 
One quarter Page “ 30.00 
Rates for yearly ads. and for 2i0 lines or.over giv- 
en upon application. 
Reading notices ending with adv. per line nonpa- 
reil, 50c. Preferred position ten per cent, extra. 
LITTLE SILVER, N. J., NOV., 1889. 
A Word to Our Friends. 
Those among our readers who are pleased 
with Orchard and Garden — and we trust 
that they all are — and u-ho think it worth the 
very low price we ask for it, can do us very 
substantial service during this subscription 
season by recommending it to their friends 
and neighbors who are not already subscril- 
ers. Orchard and Garden aims at benefit- 
ting all who receive it; its articles are origi- 
nal and practical-, its tone is pure. The price 
is so low that there are none too poor to sub- 
scribe. We desire to place it in the hands of 
every person throughout the country interested 
in Horticulture, and we ask our friends to as- 
sist us in this endeavor. Do it now kind 
friends. This is the season when people se- 
lect their papers for the coming year. Be sure 
that your friends include Orchard and Gar- 
den in their lists. 
If you will kindly send ns the addresses of 
those you think ought to have it, we will glad- 
ly send them specimen copies tree of charge. 
An effort is being made in New York city 
to obtain the passage of an ordinance com- 
pelling vegetables to be sold by weight in 
stead of by measure. This is a commendable 
reform much needed. There is no doubt 
that the system of measurement now in 
vogue leaves the way open for a good deal 
of imposition and dishonesty which could 
be jirevented by a uniform system of 
weights and measures. The New York Re- 
tail Grocers’ Union are the promoters of the 
effort. 
Many copies of this issue of Orchard and 
Garden will be sent out as sample copies. Ex- 
amine it carefully and remember that it costs 
but fifty cents a yeai — less than five cents each. 
The reported combine of the New York 
hotel keepers to raise the price of cham- 
pagne is likely to consideiably advance the 
interests of the American grape-grower by 
largely increasing the sale of native wine and 
thus aid in popularizing it. American wine 
is inferior to very few of the foreign impor- 
tations and is steadily, though slowly, mak- 
ing progress in the estimation of American 
wine-drinkers. A permanent advance in 
price of the imported article should be wel- 
comed by viticulturists. 
How Far North are They Hardy? 
Judging from the number of enquiries we 
receive concerning the hardiness of Japan- 
ese plums, fruit-growers are much interested 
in this subject, and our knowledge of the 
facts in the case is as vague and unsatisfac- 
tory as the interest is general. This sug- 
gests to us that it would be proper for the 
Experiment Stations throughout the North- 
ern States to take up this question of hardi- 
ness, not only of Japanese plums but of all 
other plants of doubtful hardiness which 
are of general interest, and thus by actual 
experiment under various conditions ascer- 
tain definitely how far north they can be 
grown without risk of loss, and what pre- 
cautions are necessary to save them along 
the doubtful line. 
It is a work of a practical nature which 
would be of the highest value to fruit-grow- 
ers and would most certainly be appreciated 
by them. It can be carried out at but trif- 
ling expense, and two winters’ trial would 
practically settle the question. We recom- 
mend the horticulturists of the Experiment 
Stations to take immediate steps for the 
prosecution of this work. 
You cannot verj easily make a more use- 
ful present to a friend who is liorticultur- 
ally inclined, than by giving him a year’s 
subscription to Orchard and Garden. 
The HardineND of Trees and Plants. 
The word hardy as applied to trees and 
plants can hardly be taken in a literal sense 
since the lerm is really a relative one. The 
freedom of trees and plants from injury 
during the severity of winter depends more 
upon other circumstances than the actual 
hardiness of the tree itself. We are accus- 
tomed to look at the resulting effects rather 
than to consider previous causes and hence 
often lose sight of the real issue in deter- 
mining the question of hardiness. It oc- 
casionally happens that plants in some 
places stand uninjured for years and are 
suddenly killed or badly hurt; or trees 
hardy at the north prove tender in a much 
milder climate. The causes may be learned 
by seeking them. High, dry winds are 
more deadly than severe freezing, and es- 
pecially so during a period of drought in 
winter. A low temperature when unaccom- 
panied with wind is not to be so dreaded. 
Wood not fully ripened ora plant restricted 
or stunted during its season of growth from 
some cause is very likely to be injured in 
the winter and for this the severity of the 
season is very often alone held to be respon- 
sible. It should be generally known that 
winter-killing is not always the result of 
lack of hardiness. In view of this fact it 
is well to plant where shelter from high 
winds may be secured, and the planting of 
screens or groups of evergreens for protec- 
tion is much to be commended. 
Our friends should avail themselves of 
our liberal offers of premiums on the first 
pages of this number, for clubs of new sub- 
scribers to Orchard and Garden. It should 
not be a difficult matter to secure any of 
these premiums, since the paper is worth 
so much more than the small price asked 
for it. Send us the names and addresses of 
those you purpose to solicit for subscrip- 
tions and we will mail them sample copies. 
Imperishable Labels. 
The need of a cheap, indestructible label, 
one on which the name of a tree or plant 
may be written easily and legibly with an 
ordinary lead pencil, will be readily admitted 
by all who grow fruit and flowers. We 
have before us a sample of label that seems 
to fill this want, being simple, effective and 
imperishable. It is made of thin copper, 
very soft and pliable, cut in label form with 
a split tag end of the same material which is 
wound around the tree or plant and gives 
with its growth. It can be written on or in- 
dented with a lead pencil or other pointed in- 
strument and the writingis ineffaceable and 
indestructible and the label may be cleaned 
and brightened at any time by simply put- 
ting in a hot fire. We think it is a good 
thing and it is quite cheap costing, we be- 
lieve, about $1.50 per gross. Messrs. John- 
son & Stokes of Philadelphia, Pa., are whole- 
sale agents for its sale. 
All who subscribe now will receive Orchard 
and Garden to January 1st, 1891. 

The National Flower. 
As a Canadian subscriber I noticed in the 
September number of your valuable paper, 
Orchard and Garden, that our American 
friends are about to make a selection of a 
“national flower” (must it be a flower 1). It 
has occurred to me that nothing could be 
more suitable than the Indian Corn plant, 
but with the addition of a grape vine cling- 
ing to it bearing a few clusters of grapes. 
It would be very suggestive in many ways. 
A country of United States, and truly aland 
of corn and wine (unfermented let us hope), 
the motto too would suggest some such idea. 
The union will be strength unless the bal- 
ance is lost by allowing the vine to bear too 
many clusters and so pull down the corn. 
We know, however, that our shrewd neigh- 
bors will see that there be no danger in that 
direction. — A n Interested On-looker. 
