February. 1890. 
O R G H RR P Jt * hd 
GARDE 
25 
hardy, healthy and productive, an early 
bearer. It is not quite as early as Early 
Harvest, but more valuable. We procured 
it of Dr. W. G. Waring, Tyrone, Pa., in 
1859. Origin unknown, but supposed to be 
Pennsylvania. 
We set out one tree of this in 1860 among 
a number of Early Harvest and Red 
Astrachan trees which are now all dead 
while the Early Queening is apparently as 
sound as when first set out. We also set 
out one tree in 1868 on another ele- 
vation about 275 feet higher among 
several hundred Early Harvest and 
Cooper’s Early White. 
The Early Harvest are all dead and 
so are nearly all of the Cooper, and 
those left are nearly dead or dying, 
while, the Early Queening, is a fine 
healthy sound tree. Hundreds of other 
varieties in this same orchard are 
dead or worthless, showing few trees 
its equal in hardiness and few are its 
equal in early, regular bearing. 
Early Ripe. 
Fruit, medium to large; form oblate 
conic, somewhat ribbed ; color, light 
clear yellow ; dots small, indented, 
whitish gray or green ; stem long, 
rather thick, often fleshy ; cavity 
wide, medium depth ; much russeted, irreg- 
ular ; calyx small, closed segments short, 
erect ; basin narrow, shallow, irregular, fur- 
rowed ; core large, slightly open ; carpels 
large, hollow ; seeds rather small, ovate, 
plump, light brown; flesh yellowish white, 
juicy, rather coarse, sprightly, subacid ; 
quality good ; use, market and kitchen. 
Season July, August. Tree vigorous, erect, 
spreading ; very early bearer and prolific, 
hardy. Origin, Adams Co , Pennsylvania, 
on the farm of George Delap. 
This we procured from Pa. , in 
1858, and planted here in Kansas 
in 1860. It came into bearing when 
very young, and has borne every 
year since a good crop without a 
single failure, and the tree to-day 
appears as sound as when planted, 
while Early Harvest, Red Astra- 
chan and more than a dozen other 
early varieties around and about it 
are dead or worthless. The fruit 
is so nearly like Early Harvest that 
few, if any, can seethe difference. 
It is, however, not quite as good in 
quality as a dessert apple but for 
cooking and market it is better. It 
is larger, firmer and more showy. 
We consider this the best and most 
valuable very early apple that we 
have ever tried, and we have had 
more than one hundred varieties of early 
apples. — J. Stayman, M. D. 
not to harden. When melted take dish 
from the stove and add slowly, whilst stir- 
ring, one tablespoonful of turpentine. Then, 
slowly add alcohol, while stirring, until the 
mass has a thin molasses-like consistency. 
In this form it is useful for the use indi- 
cated, and it is also the best wax for use in 
waxing collar grafts of the cherry, plum, 
and pear put up in graft room, that we 
have ever tried. 
After the alcohol has evaporated too much 
The Early Ripe. Fig. 1636. 
from exposure to the air, place dish in hot 
water and add alcohol as before. We also 
use this wax with perfect success in out- 
door grafting of the cherry and plum, by 
keeping dish over a lamp in a lantern-like 
tin box, and wrapping a white rag over 
the wax while it is still soft to prevent 
its possible melting or cracking. 
This is a recipe as used in German and Rus- 
sian schools of Horticulture and Forestry. — 
J. L. Budd. 
planted when the city was much less in size 
than now. The walls included upward of 
an acre. The family had died out, and the 
property was temporarily in charge of a 
gardener, who had the products in payment 
for his service. There were a large number 
of fine and well laden fruit trees, a large 
vinery, etc. ; but what particularly struck 
me was some 30 enormous Fameuse (Snow) 
apple trees. They were in perfect health, 
and had been carefully pruned from the 
start. I think they were each and 
all not less than fifty feet high. The 
land was, like most of the Island of 
Montreal, strong, deep and rich. It 
was in September, and the fruit on 
these trees was already well colored. 
The outer limbs lapped upon each 
other closely, like shingles on a roof, 
and were closely covered, though not 
crowded, with the most perfect spe- 
cimens of this beautiful variety that 
I ever saw. I grow the Fameuse my- 
self, in my orchards on Lake Mem- 
pliremagog, ninety miles southeast 
from Montreal; but nearly 1000 feet 
higher. With me it is subject to 
spotting, and I began to look for the 
disease on these trees, but the fruit 
was all perfectly fair. The gardener, 
who was evidently a drinking man, 
and by the looks of the place rather sloven- 
ly, though capable, told me he had just sold 
the fruit on these trees, to be gathered by 
the buyer, for $800 in cash. There are many 
orchards of the same variety within a hun- 
dred miles of this one, containing from a 
| few hundred to upward of a thousand trees; 
but I doubt if there were half a dozen among 
them all that would have netted as much 
clear money to their owners as did those 30 
I trees to that beery old gardener. 
Liquid Grafting Wax. 
Permit me to give in better form the 
method of making a better liquid grafting 
wax than that given in the January num- 
ber, viz: one pound best white resin, one 
pound beef tallow melted very slowly so as 
The Early Queening. Fig. 1637. 
Orchard Notings. 
High Culture in the Orchard. 
Perhaps one of the most impressive ob- 
ject lessons in fruit growing I ever received 
was given me in an orchard in the city of 
Montreal, some dozen years back. It was 
in the grounds about the mansion of one of 
the old families, which were laid out and 
Irca CladK. 
With the settlement of Northern 
New England and New York, and 
the development of our great North- 
west, as well as of the Canadian Do- 
minion, there has come a know- 
ledge of the insufficient power of 
resistance against winter’s cold, 
which marks the constitution of 
nearly all our older and popular tree 
fruits. This at once strikes the new 
settler in such regions as a great 
drawback. Bro ght up amid or- 
chards, and accustomed to a practi- 
cally free supply of the most attrac- 
tive and healthful of all goods, this 
deprivation immensely augments 
the already great disadvantage of a 
settler’s lot, in a vast area of fertile 
and otherwise productive country. 
Experimentation, with the view of over- 
coming this evil, has been in progress for 
nearly a quarter of a century, and the re- 
sult is seen in a class of fruit trees now gen- 
erally known among growers as“iron-clads.” 
This term is objected to as vague, since, for 
instance, an apple, plum or cherry tree, hardy 
in Southern Minnesota, fails about Duluth; 
