March, 1890. 
49 
A Home Garden. 
One of the most Interesting papers read at the recent 
meeting of the New Jersey State Horticultural Society 
was on the subject of The Home Garden, by C. A. 
Jones, of Newark, Treasurer of the society. His city 
lot measures 100 by 175 ft., about half of which is 
taken up by buildings. It leaves a patch of 94 by 100 ft. 
available for cultivation, inclusive of walks. On this 
he grows a full supply of vegetables and small fruit for 
a family of six persons the season through, besides sell- 
ing $50 or $60 worth every year. He has a cold frame 
of three sastes, of which he plants one to early lettuce, 
one to radishes and one in pansies— it being a favorite 
flower of the household . His early peas occupy a space 
of 18 by 34 ft., here he plants two rows of American 
Wonder every week or ten days till the place is full, 
which supplies them with an abundance of this delicious 
vegetable through the early summer. Before the peas 
are pulled he plants melons between the rows, and by 
the time that the latter begin to spread, the peas can 
be removed, and the place becomes a melon patch, the 
bills being 4 ft. apart; and after the melons are gone 
in the late summer, he can still take a crop of turnips 
from the same patch. His potatoes and strawberries 
alternate on the same patch, also 18 by 34 ft. In extent. 
He plants potatoes early in spring, putting the hills 
close together to economize space. In August, when 
the potatoes are dug, he sets the patch in strawberry 
plants. Of these he grows Prince, Gipsy and Pearl, 
all of which do excellently, and are well suited to home 
use. The following spring they come into bearing and 
yield more than the family can consume, although they 
use 3 quarts a day. He has picked as much as 39 quarts in 
a single day from this small patch. In the beginning 
of July, or when strawberries are about over, the plants 
are dug under and the ground planted to dwarf sweet 
corn which, soon coming Into bearing, yields an abun- 
dance through the late summer and fall. The straw- 
berries are thus fruited only one year. He has 12 Fay’s 
Prolific currant bushes planted 4 ft. apart, they yield 
usually a peck to the bush ; four gooseberry bushes ; a 
row of raspberries 50 ft. long, varieties, Cuthbert, 
Montclair and Golden Queen. 
His Asparagus bed measures 18 by 18 ft. It has now 
been cut for 14 years and as yet shows no signs of de- 
generation, but is yearly heavily manured. He plants 
two doz. tomato plants, which furnish all that Is want- 
ed. Half a dozen Rhubarb plants yield a plenty. 
Peaches are furnished by two trees, one of Large 
Early York, the other Stump the World. He fertilizes 
them yearly with two quarts of muriate of potash each 
and some bone dust. This he thinks has cured them of 
the yellows, of which disease they showed Indications 
a few years ago. 
He has two trees of the Orange quince. They yield 
800 or 900 perfect fruits yearly, a hundred or soof which 
are used in the household and the rest, if sold, will 
bring $6.00 per hundred. Grapes are a favorite fruit 
with him. He has 73 vines representing all the lead- 
ing varieties ; they are planted along the fences and 
yield much more than the family can consume. He 
has a grapery for foreign varieties 20 ft. long by 7 ft. 
wide. Here he has several vines of Black Hamburgbs 
and White Muscat. The vines are planted outside 
and the stem bent into the house. No artificial heat is 
used. They are pruned carefully, tied up and in all 
respects well cared for. In winter the sashes are left 
open and snow and rain allowed to drift in. The yield 
is abundant of most delicious fruit. 
These results are actual facts. Why could not 
the same be done on the thousands and hun- 
dreds of thousands of simitar places throughout 
the country? All that is needed Is an interest 
in, and some knowledge of the subject. It is not 
necessary that the owner shall be a professional horti- 
culturist. A love for the work is the only requisite. 
Even the smallest plot has its possibilities, and will re- 
pay the cultivator in proportion to his forethought and 
'Industry. 
Fungi Injurious to Horticulture. 
At the recent meeting of the New Jersey State Hor- 
ticultural Society, Dr. B. D. Halst' d read a paper on 
the above subject of which the following is the sub- 
stance. The author is Botanist of the State Experiment 
Station and has given special attention to the study of 
this class of plant diseases. 
Pomaeeous Fruits. 
The Apple.— 1st. Scab or Black rot, Fusicladium 
deudriticum. This fungus attacks both the fruit and 
the leaves, giving a brown parched appearance to the 
latter and a russet coloration to the fruit. 
2nd. Apple Rust, Rosilea pyrata. It is the cause of 
the so-called cedar apples on cedar trees where it goes 
through the first stage of growth. From these it 
spreads to the apple trfe. As a preventive cedars 
should not be grown in the vicinity of apple orchards. 
Spraying the trees with copper compounds is a remedy. 
3d. Bitter Rot or Brown Spots, Gleosporium fruti- 
genium. 
4th. Mildew. Podosphera tridactyla. It attacks the 
young twigs and leaves. 
5th. Twig Blight, Micrococcus amylovarus. It 
makes its attack early in the season, the spores enter- 
ing the open buds and, becoming established, discolors 
and kills leaves and twigs. It is worse on the pear 
than on the apple. 
The Pear.— 1st. Pear Blight, Micrococcus amylo- 
varus, the same as the disease known as twig blightin 
the apple. No remedy has as yet been found. To keep 
it from spreading, affected trees should be cut down 
and burned. 
2d Fruit Crack, Entomosporium maculatum. It is 
not confined to the fruit, but begins its attacks on the 
leaves in early spring, and later on goes to the fruit, 
causing malformation and cracking. The Bordeaux 
mixture and other copper compounds sprayed on the 
trees early in the season will prevent it. 
The Quince.— 1st. Fruit crack, the same as the last. 
2nd. Rust, Roestilia aurantiaca, a species related to 
apple rust. 
3d. Mildew. Podosphera tridactyla , the same as the 
mildew in apples. 
4th. Leaf Blight, Hendersonia cydonacce. It dis- 
colors and kills the leaves. The Bordeaux mixture is 
a remedy. 
Stone Fruits— The Peach.— 1st. The Y« Hows. This, 
the worst of all diseases attacking the peach, so com- 
mon and so destructive, is still a mvstery. The disease 
is known only by Its effects and no remedy has been 
found. 
2nd. Leaf Curl, Ascomyces deformans. 
3d. White Blight. Cercospora pcrsica , the under 
side of the leaves turn white. It is not a serious 
trouble. 
4th. Peach Rot and Twig Blight, Mon ilia frutigenca. 
This fungus causes the fruit to rot in all stages of 
growth, and from the fruit spreads to the twigs. Fruit 
showing signs of decay should be picked off before the 
trouble spreads to the twigs. 
5th. Rust, Puccinia pruni-spinosace. This fungus 
also attacks the Almond. 
The Plum.— 1st. Black Knot, Ploxrightia morbosa. 
The only remedy so far known is to remove the roots 
by excision. 
2nd. Plum Pockets, Taphrina pruni. This disease 
appears on the stem, leaf and fruit on the wild plums 
and cherries; these trees should therefore not be 
grown near plum orchards. 
3d. Gun Shot, Septoria cerasiva. It attacks the 
leaves, eating small holes through them which makes 
them appear as if they were riddled with shot. 
The Cherry is subject to the same diseases as above 
mentioned attacking the plum. 
Grapes.— 1st. Downy mildew, Peronospora viti- 
cola. It causes a white growth on the under side of 
the leaves. 
2nd. Powdery Mildew, Uncimda ampelopsides. It 
appears on all parts of the vine, but Is easily checked 
by spraying with solutions of copper compounds. 
3d. Black Rot, Physalospora Didwellii. the disease 
which has been so very destructive to the grape crop 
during the past season. It can be checked in the etrly 
stage by spraying wit'll the Bordeaux mixture. 
4th. Anthracnose, Sfhacelorna ampeliria. All green 
parts of the vine are L'able to attack, causing brown 
spots or Vermillion spots. 
Blackberry.— 1st. Rust, Cceoma lumivatum , a 
common disease, but one for which no remedy has as 
yet been found after it has become established in a 
plant. Rusted blackberries should be dug up and 
burned. 
2nd. Anthracnose, Gleosporium vevetum. It is 
worst in places where the canes are crowded . 
3d. Leaf Spot, Septoria Rubi. It causes spots on 
the leaves, and is related to the gun shot fungus of the 
plum and cherry. 
The Raspberry is affected by the same diseases and 
in the same manner as the blackberry. 
The Gooseberry.— 1st. Mildew, Sphcerothica mo- 
rouvee. This fungus attacks the tips of the canes, the 
leaf and the fruit, and is a very common complaint in 
this country. 
2d. Leaf Spot, PI, yllosticta Grossulariae , causes spots 
on the leaves which a ter a time drop off. 
3d. Anthracnose, Gleosporium Ribis, defoliates the 
plants. 
The Currant is attacked by the last two, which 
affect it in the same manner as they do the gooseberry. 
The Strawberry.— 1st. Leaf Blight, Sphceulla 
Tuslanei , a common disease which causes bright spots 
to appear on the leaves and finally burns them up. 
2nd. Anthracnose, Gleosporium potentilla. It causes 
dark spots on the leaf. 
Cranberry. — 1st. Scald, not yet named and de- 
scribed. It has the same effect on the cranberry as the 
black rot has on the grape. 
2d. Cranberry-gall, Syncbytrum vaccinii. It causes 
minute red galls on leaf, stem and fruit. 
Vegetables— The Potato.— 1st. Potato Rot, Phy- 
topthora infestans. It first makes its attack on the 
leaves and then following down the stem to the tubers, 
which it causes to rot. It can be checked if the tops 
are sprayed a few times in the early part of the season 
with the Bordeaux mixture. 
2d. Leaf Blight, Macrosporium solani, causes small 
holes in the leaf. 
Sweet Potato. -Soft Rot, Mucor stolonifer , causes 
sweet potatoes to rot and attacks also turnips and other 
vegetables. 
Egg Plant.— Leaf Spot, Macrosporium solani , the 
same as the leaf blight in the potato. 
Tomato.— 1st. Leaf Mold, Cladosporium fulvum. 
2nd. Decay of fruit, a species of Fasarium and other 
fungi. 
Watermelon.— Spot Rot, Colletotrichium Limle- 
muthianum , causes large spots on the leaf and pits In 
the rind. 
Squash. — M ildew, Peronospora cultensis. 
Cucumber.— T he same. 
Cabbage. — Club Root, Plasmodopliora Brassica. 
A common disease that has also been attributed to in- 
sects. The primary roots die and the secondary ones 
develop bulb-like excrescences caused by this fungus. 
Lettuce.— M ildew, Peronospora gangliformis. 
Onion.— 1st. Mildew, Peronosporaschleidenarmea. 
2nd. Smut, Urosystis cepulce. 
Carrot.— R ust or Leaf Brown, Cercospora Apii. 
Celery.— T he same, can In a measure be prevented 
by shading the plants with lath screens. 
Beet.— 1st. Leaf Spot, Cercospora beaticola , causes 
yellow dry spots on the leaf. 
2nd. Rust, Uromyces Beatce. 
Bean.— 1st. Pod Spot, Colletotrichium TAndemuth- 
ianum, causes deca\ ed spots on the bean pods. It is 
favored by wet weather. 
2nd. Bean Rust, Uromyces appendiculatus. It 
grows on the under side of the leaf, where it causes a 
rusty appearance. 
3d. Bean Blight, Cercospora cruenta. It causes the 
leaves to shrivel and die. 
Pea.- 1st. Mildew, Erysiphe Martii , causes the 
plant to be covered with a white coating. 
2nd. Pod Spot, the same as ihe bean pod spot. 
The Rose.— 1st. Black Spot, Actinoneva Rosce. 
2nd. Rus r , Phragmedium mucronatum. 
3d. Leaf Spot, Cercospora roscecola. 
Violet. — 1st. Leaf Soot, Cercospora virlce. 
2nd. Anthracnose, Gleosporium violoc. 
3d. Mildew, Peronospora sp. 
Mignonette.— L eaf Spot, Septoria resides. 
Carnation.— Leaf Spot, Septoria dianthi. 
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